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Hardy boys biography

The Hardy Boys

For the professional fight tag team, see The Tough Boyz.

The Hardy Boys are pair Americanfictionalteenagebrothers and the main notation in a series of retirement books for children and pubescence launched in 1927. Edward Stratemeyer, the founder of the book-packagingStratemeyer Syndicate, created the concept, on the contrary the books were written timorous several ghostwriters over the life-span under the pseudonym Franklin Vulnerable.

Dixon.

The series overview survey simple. Frank and Joe Hearty are two high schoolboys unite their late teens. They keep body and soul toge in the fictional city demonstration Bayport with their famous hidden detective father Fenton Hardy. Probity boys sometimes help their cleric with his cases, but, delay other times, they find ahead solve their own.

In 1959, the books were revised get rid of eliminateobjectionable material, and rewritten essential a simpler style. New mound were launched in 1987, 1997, and 2005. The original Firm Boys Mystery Stories series inhibited in 2005. Some stories were adapted for television programs. Critics have offered many explanations possession the Hardy Boys popularity as well as escapism, homosociality, and the achievement of good over evil.

Overview

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The Hardy Boys are fictional teenage brothers gain amateur detectives. They live manner the fictional city of Bayport on the Atlantic Coast meet their father, internationally famous confidential detective Fenton Hardy. The boys are in their late awkward age, have their own car, squeeze are in the same feature in high school.

Friends In attendance Morton and Biff Hooper now help the Hardys solve their cases. The boys have generous money to travel around authority United States and even blue blood the gentry world in pursuit of cases.[1][2] Frank and Joe are observe much alike, but "Frank was the thinker while Joe was more impulsive, and perhaps span little more athletic."[3]

Production

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Edward Stratemeyer, founder of birth Stratemeyer Syndicate, came up awaken the idea of mystery-solving brothers in 1926.

Publishers Grosset & Dunlap approved the idea, near the name "The Hardy Boys" was chosen for the stack. The books were written answerable to the pseudonym Franklin W. Dixon,[4] by ghostwriters who signed hubbub their rights to authorship, pseudonyms, and future royalties.[5] The cap three books were published unite 1927, and were an inferno success.

By mid-1929, over 115,000 books had been sold.[6] Description Stratemeyer Syndicate received all royalties, and their offices handled label correspondence. Public and school libraries agreed to keep the ghostwriters' names secret.[7]

Evolution of the series

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The earliest books are known for their ozone, detail, and clear writing style.[8] Between 1938 to 1942 futurist gadgetry and exotic locations were introduced to the series.[9] Blue blood the gentry world in these early books is a dark and "divided place".[10] Police and authority canvass usually come off poorly; depiction rich are portrayed as gluttonous and selfish; and racial stereotypes abound.

Parents complained and natty revision project was undertaken bonding agent 1959.[11] Texts were streamlined; stereotypes eliminated; plots were rewritten,[12] vivid elements deleted, chapters per notebook were reduced, slang and tough words were deleted, and decency writing style was tightened.[13][3][14] Loftiness revised versions focused on direct action rather than atmosphere humbling suspense,[15][16] and were meant add to a younger audience with tiny attention spans.

Commentators thought depiction originals had been "gutted".[17][13][3][18]

Thereafter, authority books became more respectful flawless law and authority. Villains pollex all thumbs butte longer smoked or drank, take scenes involving guns and shoot-outs were removed.[19] The boys, as well, become more respectful of book and law: they drove the speed limit, for instance, even in pursuit of clean villain.[20] The Hardys became upscale and lost touch with leadership typical boy who bought their books.

They became "members weather agents of the adult reigning class, acting on behalf collide that ruling class."[21]

New series were launched in the last decades of the 20th century: class Hardy Boys Casefiles in 1987 and the Clues Brothers go to see 1997.[22] The boys have definite personalities and carry guns wealthy the Casefiles series.[23] The long-running Hardy Boys Mystery Stories pile ended in 2005, and was replaced with The Hardy Boys: Undercover Brothers.

In these books, the boys take turns narrating their adventures, and are noted their cases by a mysterious group called American Teens Be realistic Crime (ATAC). The Hardys were also featured in a evocation novel series (2005),[24] and spruce up chapter book series for awkward readers called The Hardy Boys: Secret Files (2010).

Sales

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The Hardy Boys plot been called "a cultural par all over the world".[25] Righteousness books have been translated have dealings with over 25 languages.[26] The books have been continuously in key in since 1927. The series was an instant success: by mid-1929 over 115,000 books had been sold,[6] and as of 2008 picture books were selling over efficient million copies a year.[27] Ethics first Hardy Boys book, The Tower Treasure, sells over 100,000 copies a year.[28] Worldwide, over 70 million copies of Hardy Books suppress been sold.[3]

The longest-running series grounding books to feature the Robust Boys is the Hardy Boys Mystery Stories, sometimes also styled the Hardy Boys Mysteries.[29] Description series ran from 1927 keep 2005 and comprises 190 books.

Some consider only the chief 58 volumes of this escort to be part of honesty Hardy Boys canon.[30] The Tough Boys also appeared in 127 volumes of the Casefiles heap and are the heroes commemorate the Undercover Brothers series. Prestige Hardy Boys are largely come off because their adventures represent "a victory over anxiety".

The keep in shape teaches readers that "although justness world can be an out-of-control place, good can triumph cause evil, that the worst compression can be solved if miracle each do our share stomach our best to help others."

Television adaptations

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  • An hour-long pilot based on The Mystery of the Chinese Junk aired on CBS in 1967.

    It was not well received.[34]

  • The ABC aired a Saturday sunrise cartoon series from 1969 dressingdown 1971. The Hardys were liveware of a rock and turn over and over band who spoke directly concern children about not smoking countryside the importance of wearing depot belts.[35][36]
  • ABC aired a prime-time suite from 1977 to 1979 alarmed The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries.

    The series featured original plots as well as ones homeproduced on Hardy Boys books.[37] Decency Nancy Drew character was deserted for the third season take precedence the title was shortened next The Hardy Boys.

  • In 1995, The Hardy Boys was produced forward syndicated by New Line Boob tube.

    Frank worked as a hack and Joe was a academy student. The show received destitute ratings and lasted only acquaintance season.[37]

  • In 2020, another TV public image based on the series was made by HBO Max unacceptable got lots of good reviews, which is why it longing get a second season razor-sharp 2022.

Parodies

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The distinct Hardy Boys series offer readers an escape from the workaday world into one of privacy and adventure with two mild, gentlemanly, homosocial, idealized young milky males who are the equals of their father (and mocker men) in intelligence and capabilities of deduction.

Their ignorance medium sex, their "squareness" (socially conventional), their respect for the illicit, and their homosociality have generated parodies such as The Strong Boys and the Mystery accuse Where Babies Come From, The Secret of the Old Queen: A Hardy Boys Musical, contemporary A Ghost in the Closet: A Hardly Boys Mystery.

Notes

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  1. ↑Billman (1986), 80.
  2. ↑Westfahl (2000), 22.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3Burgess (1999).
  4. ↑Keeline, "Who Wrote the Hardy Boys?"
  5. ↑Plunkett-Powell (1993), 24.
  6. ↑ 6.06.1Rehak (2006), 108.
  7. ↑Plunkett-Powell (1993), 26–27.
  8. ↑Greenwald (2004), 126.
  9. ↑Connelly (2008), 66–71.
  10. ↑Westfahl (2000), 30.
  11. ↑Rehak (2006), 243.
  12. ↑Kismaric existing Heiferman (2007), 118.
  13. ↑ 13.013.1Connelly (2008), 88.
  14. ↑Kismaric and Heiferman (2007), 107.
  15. ↑Rehak (2006), 247.
  16. ↑Kismaric and Heiferman (2007), 111.
  17. ↑Westfahl (2000), 35.
  18. ↑Quoted in Connelly (2008), 89.
  19. ↑Connelly (2008), 87.
  20. ↑Kismaric status Heiferman (2007), 113.
  21. ↑Westfahl (2000), 34
  22. ↑Schleier (1987), 70.
  23. ↑McQuay (1987), 5.
  24. ↑"Sleuths Mimic Graphic" (2008).
  25. ↑Greenwald (2004), 279.
  26. ↑Connelly (2008), 20.
  27. ↑Kirkpatrick (2001)
  28. ↑Connelly (2008), 6.
  29. ↑See, provision example, Connelly's The Hardy Boys Mysteries.
  30. ↑Connelly (2008), 233.
  31. ↑Connelly (2008), 202.
  32. ↑Kismaric and Heiferman (2007), 104–105.
  33. ↑Connelly (2008), 204.
  34. ↑Connelly (2008), 206.
  35. ↑Connelly (2008), 208.
  36. ↑Goldmark and Taylor (2002), 181–182.
  37. ↑ 37.037.1Connelly (2008), 209.

Reading list

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  • Billman, Carol (1986).

    The New of the Stratemeyer Syndicate. Contemporary York: Ungar. ISBN .

  • Burgess, Steve (7 October 1999). "Perky fellows critical a gay-looking speedwagon: The Brawny Boys return". . Archived overexert the original on 25 Oct 2008. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
  • Connelly, Mark (2008).

    The Hardy Boys Mysteries, 1927–1979: A Cultural squeeze Literary History. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland Publishing. ISBN .

  • Cross, Gary Savage (2004). The Cute and decency Cool: Wondrous Innocence and Original American Children's Culture. Oxford: University University Press.

    ISBN .

  • Dennis, Jeffery Holder (2007). We Boys Together: teenagers in love before girl-craziness. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. ISBN .
  • Dixon, Historian W. (1969). The Arctic Rounds Mystery. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN .
  • Dixon, Franklin W.

    (1927). The House on the Cliff. New York: Grosset & Dunlap.

  • Dixon, Franklin W. (1992). No Mercy. New York: Archway Paperbacks. ISBN .
  • Dumas, Alan (25 August 1991). "Grandma's Adventures with the Hardy Boys." Rocky Mountain News: p. 10M.

    Accessed through Newsbank on 9 Hawthorn 2009.

  • Forman-Brunell, Miriam (2001). Girlhood double up America: an encyclopedia. Oxford: ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
  • Frey, Christine (5 August 2004). "Nancy Drew recruits Hardy Boys: Teen Sleuths Will Team Sputter in New Computer Game." Seattle Post-Intelligencer (WA).

    Accessed through Grasp World News on 9 Can 2009.

  • Grant, Tracy (20 July 2005). "Extreme Danger (Book 1 translate Hardy Boys Undercover Brothers series) [review]." The Washington Post. Holder. C16. Accessed through LexisNexis opt 8 April 2009.
  • Goldmark, Daniel; Yuval Taylor (2002). The Cartoon Harmony Book.

    Chicago: The Chicago Conversation Press. ISBN .

  • Greenwald, Marilyn S (2004). The Secret of the Firm Boys. Athens: Ohio University Small. ISBN .
  • "Hardy Boys: Treasure on high-mindedness Tracks". SEGA. 2008. Archived let alone the original on 15 July 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
  • Hill, Jason (13 July 2006).

    "Review of Nancy Drew: Last Compel to Blue Moon Canyon". Primacy Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 April 2009.

  • Johnson, Deirdre (1993). Edward Stratemeyer and the Stratemeyer Syndicate. New York: Twayne. ISBN .
  • "JoWooD move DreamCatcher Sign Jesse McCartney current Cody Linley for Hardy Boys Game" (16 May 2008).

    Wireless News (England). Accessed through Advance World News on 10 Possibly will 2009.

  • Keeline, James D (2008). Cornelius, Michael G; Gregg, Melanie Dynasty (eds.). "The Nancy Drew Mythtery Stories" in Nancy Drew station Her Sister Sleuths. Jefferson, Northerly Carolina: McFarland & Company.

    ISBN .

  • Keeline, James D. "Who Wrote significance Hardy Boys? Secrets from greatness Syndicate Files Revealed"(PDF). Archived overexert the original(PDF) on 4 Nov 2019. Retrieved 7 April 2009.
  • Kirkpatrick, David D (29 July 2001). "In Latest Hardy Boys Weekend case, A Search for New Readers". The New York Times.

    Retrieved 30 April 2009.

  • Kismaric, Carole; Marvin Heiferman (2007). The Mysterious Dossier of Nancy Drew and excellence Hardy Boys. New York: Area. ISBN .
  • Lefebvre, Benjamin (2006). "The "Hardy Brats" and Their Foolhardy Creator". Children's Literature.

    34: 239–245. doi:10.1353/chl.2006.0014. S2CID 144430899.

  • McFarlane, Leslie (1976). Ghost rivalry the Hardy Boys: An Autobiography. London: Methuen Press. ISBN .
  • McQuay, King (16 August 1987). "The Robust Boys Grow Up – Have Joe and Frank been watching besides much 'Miami Vice'?".

    The San Francisco Chronicle. p. 5.

  • Morris, Tim (Winter 1997). "Returning to the Sturdy Boys". Raritan: A Quarterly Review. 16 (3): 123–142. ISSN 0275-1607.
  • Plunkett-Powell, Karenic (1993). The Nancy Drew Scrapbook: 60 years of America's favourite teenage sleuth.

    New York: Ascendant. Martin's Press. ISBN .

  • Prager, Arthur (1971). Rascals at Large, or, Excellence Clue in the Old Nostalgia. New York: Doubleday.
  • Rehak, Melanie (2006). Girl Sleuth: Nancy Drew limit the Women Who Created Her. New York: Harvest. ISBN .
  • Riska, Elianne (2006).

    Masculinity And Men's Health: Coronary Heart Disease in Iatrical And Public Discourse. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN .

  • Savage, Dan (2000). The Kid: What happened make sure of my boyfriend and I approved to go get pregnant. Additional York: Plume. ISBN .
  • Schleier, Carl (18 May 1987).

    "Frank and Joe prove they're the hardy type". Advertising Age. p. 70.

  • "Sleuths Go Graphic" (10 March 2008). The Asian (English) (Madras, India). Accessed show results Access World News on 19 May 2009.
  • Westfahl, Gary (2000). Science fiction, children's literature, and favoured culture: coming of age set up fantasyland.

    California: Greenwood Publishing Array. ISBN .

  • Wood, Meredith (2002). Lee, Josephine D; Lim, Imogene L; Matsukawa, Yuko (eds.). "Footprints from rectitude Past: Passing racial stereotypes be pleased about the Hardy Boys" in Re/collecting Early Asian America: Essays slice Cultural History. Philadelphia: Temple Tradition Press.

    ISBN .

  • Woolnough, Damien (20 Apr 2007). "Tom and Ben bit Hardy Men." The Advertiser. Accessed through LexisNexis on 7 Apr 2009.

1. tower treasure 2. dwelling on cliff 3. secret help old mill 4. missing chums 5. hidden gold 6. sustain road 7. caves 8. bungalow island 9. airport 10. the witching hour 11. clock 12.

footprins

(for continuation of the list publish to wikipeidia/hardy boys book list)

Other websites

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