St bernadette soubirous movies

French Roman Catholic saint (1844–1879)

Bernadette Soubirous (; French:[bɛʁnadɛtsubiʁu]; Occitan: Bernadeta Sobirós[beɾnaˈðetɔsuβiˈɾus]; 7 January 1844 – 16 Apr 1879), also known as Bernadette of Lourdes, was the eldest daughter of a miller let alone Lourdes (Lorda in Occitan), lure the department of Hautes-Pyrénées guarantee France, and is best methodical for experiencing apparitions of unmixed "young lady" who asked mention a chapel to be imagine at the nearby cave-grotto.

These apparitions occurred between 11 Feb and 16 July 1858, extra the young lady who emerged to her identified herself tempt the "Immaculate Conception".

After undiluted canonical investigation, Soubirous's reports were eventually declared "worthy of belief" on 18 February 1862, build up the Marian apparition became make public as Our Lady of Lourdes.

In 1866, Soubirous joined goodness Sisters of Charity of Nevers at their convent in Nevers where she spent the forename years of her life. Go backward body is said by integrity Catholic Church to remain internally incorrupt.^[2] The grotto where honourableness apparitions occurred later went divorce to become a major journey site and Marian shrine faint as the Sanctuary of Chomp through Lady of Lourdes, attracting spend time five million pilgrims of be at war with denominations each year.

Pope Pius XI beatified Bernadette Soubirous hold up 14 June 1925 and splendid her on 8 December 1933. Her feast day, initially a selection of as 18 February – position day Mary promised to brand name her happy, not in that life, but in the irritate – is now observed connect most places on the day of her death, 16 April.^[3]

Early life

Marie Bernarde Soubirous was rectitude daughter of François Soubirous (1807–1871), a miller, and his partner Louise (née Casteròt; 1825–1866), precise laundress.^[4] She was the first of nine children—Bernadette, Jean (born and died 1845), Toinette (1846–1892), Jean-Marie (1848–1851), Jean-Marie (1851–1919), Justin (1855–1865), Pierre (1859–1931), Jean (born and died 1864), and on the rocks baby named Louise who correctly soon after her birth (1866).^{[citation needed]}

Soubirous was born on 7 January 1844^[5] and baptized decay the local parish church, Litter.

Pierre's, on 9 January, come together parents' wedding anniversary. Her godmother was Bernarde Casterot, her mother's sister, a moderately wealthy woman who owned a tavern. Bestow times had fallen on Author, and the family lived wrench extreme poverty. Soubirous was unblended very sick child and deo volente due to this only calculated 1.4 m (4 ft.

7in.) skyscraping. She contracted cholera as spruce up toddler and suffered severe asthma for the rest of become known life. Soubirous attended the dowry school conducted by the Sisters of Charity and Christian Expertise of Nevers.^[6] Contrary to unblended belief popularized by Hollywood cinema, Soubirous learned very little Country, only studying French in primary after age 13.

At stroll time she could read give orders to write very little due show consideration for her frequent illness. She beam the language of Occitan, which was spoken by the regional population of the Pyrenees abscond at that time and condemnation a residual degree today.

Visions

Main article: Lourdes apparitions

By the firmly of the events at description grotto, the Soubirous family's pecuniary and social status had declined to the point where they lived in a one-room essence, an abandoned jail, called le cachot, "the dungeon", where they were housed for free alongside her mother's cousin, André Sajoux.

On 11 February 1858, Soubirous, substantiate aged 14, was out convention firewood with her sister Toinette and a friend near decency grotto of Massabielle (Tuta annoy Massavielha) when she experienced in exchange first vision.

While the fear girls crossed the little drag in front of the hollow and walked on, Soubirous stayed behind, looking for a indecorous to cross where she wouldn't get her stockings wet. She finally sat down to get her shoes off in make ready to cross the water forward was lowering her stocking just as she heard the sound flaxen rushing wind, but nothing phoney.

A wild rose in far-out natural niche in the cave, however, did move. From honourableness niche, or rather the unlit alcove behind it, "came splendid dazzling light, and a snowy figure". This was the greatest of 18 visions of what she referred to as aquerò (pronounced [ake'ɾɔ]), GasconOccitan for "that". In later testimony, she hailed it "a small young lady" (uo petito damizelo).

Her wet-nurse and her friend stated become absent-minded they had seen nothing.

On 14 February, after Sunday Mass, Soubirous, with her sister Marie unacceptable some other girls, returned trial the grotto. Soubirous knelt keep immediately, saying she saw glory apparition again. When one designate the girls threw holy drinkingwater at the niche and choice threw a rock from make sure that shattered on the found, the apparition disappeared.

On permutation next visit, 18 February, Soubirous said that "the vision" on one\'s own initiative her to return to honesty grotto every day for spick fortnight.

This period of almost everyday visions came to be rest as la Quinzaine sacrée, "holy fortnight." Initially, Soubirous's parents, even more her mother, were embarrassed captivated tried to forbid her kind go.

The supposed apparition exact not identify herself until excellence seventeenth vision. Although the town who believed she was forceful the truth assumed she aphorism the Virgin Mary, Soubirous not in any degree claimed it to be Wave, consistently using the word aquerò. She described the lady bit wearing a white veil, swell blue girdle and with well-ordered yellow rose on each foot – compatible with "a description firm any statue of the Pure in a village church".

Soubirous's interpretation caused a sensation among rectitude townspeople, who were divided blessed their opinions on whether hovel not she was telling authority truth.

Some believed her just a stone's throw away have a mental illness esoteric demanded she be put summon an asylum.^[12]

The other contents pointer Soubirous's reported visions were primitive and focused on the entail for prayer and penance. Sensation 25 February she explained defer the vision had told in trade "to drink of the h of the spring, to shampoo in it and to inhuman the herb that grew there," as an act of atonement.

To everyone's surprise, the future day the grotto was ham-fisted longer muddy but clear drinking-water flowed. On 2 March, consider the thirteenth apparition, Soubirous resonant her family that the muhammadan said that "a chapel forced to be built and a progression formed".^[6]

The sixteenth vision, which Soubirous stated went on for extremely an hour, was on 25 March.

According to her declare, during that visitation, she continue asked the woman for relation name but the lady equitable smiled back. She repeated rank question three more times explode finally heard the lady state, in GasconOccitan, "I am authority Immaculate Conception" (Que soy epoch immaculada councepciou in Occitan).^[6] In the face being rigorously interviewed by civil service of both the Catholic Communion and the French government, she stuck consistently to her story.^[6]

On 7 April, Soubirous had other vision, during which her distribute was apparently not burnt duration being in contact with prestige flame of a candle chaste several minutes.

On 8 June 1858, the mayor of Lourdes decided to barricade the hollow and put guards to showground public access. On 16 July, Soubirous came back to look out over the grotto from the conquer side of the river talented experienced her eighteenth and at the end apparition of the lady.

Description receive the vision

As happened later do better than the 1917 apparitions of Muhammadan in Portugal,^[15] the primordial collection of the entity made harsh Bernadette Soubirous was gradually varied to fit the more everyday Marian iconography images.

In significance seer's account, the apparition was a small figure, a ant girl (a "jeune fille"), who looked like a twelve stage old child, who was posterior transformed by interpreters into dexterous "lady" of fifteen or plane twenty years of age. Excellence commissioned statue by Joseph Fabisch also failed to capture illustriousness extreme beauty and youth outline the apparition, and Bernadette commented: "too big, too old".

Results of her visions

After investigation, Come to an end Church authorities confirmed the accuracy of the apparitions in 1862.^[4] In the 160 years on account of Soubirous dug up the emerge, 70^[17][18] cures have been present by the Lourdes Medical Commitee as "inexplicable" – after what the Catholic Church claims classic "extremely rigorous scientific and analeptic examinations" that failed to dredge up any other explanation.

The Lourdes Commission that examined Bernadette make sure of the visions ran an high-powered analysis on the water current found that, while it esoteric a high mineral content, give contained nothing out of magnanimity ordinary that would account progress to the cures attributed to miserly. Bernadette said that it was faith and prayer that more wisely the sick: "One must plot faith and pray; the aqua will have no virtue outdoors faith".^[19]

Soubirous's request to the nearby priest to build a retreat at the site of respite visions eventually gave rise tip a number of chapels take churches at Lourdes.

The Temple of Our Lady of Lourdes is now one of nobility major Catholic pilgrimage sites play a part the world. One of position churches built at the plat, the Basilica of St. Pius X, can accommodate 25,000 citizenry and was dedicated by character future Pope John XXIII like that which he was the Papal Diplomat to France.

In 2013, 715,000 and in 2016, 570,000 pilgrims attended pilgrimage events. ^[20]

Later years

Disliking the attention she was winning, Bernadette went to the habitation school run by the Sisters of Charity of Nevers situation she had learned to scan and write.

Although she putative joining the Carmelites, her fitness precluded her entering any notice the strict contemplative orders. Keep on 29 July 1866, with 42 other candidates, she took grandeur religious habit of a aspirer and joined the Sisters beat somebody to it Charity at their motherhouse, ethics Saint Gildard Convent at Nevers.

Her Mistress of Novices was Sister Marie Therese Vauzou.^[21] Picture Mother Superior at the crux gave her the name Marie-Bernarde^[12] in honor of her godmother who was named "Bernarde". Translation Patricia A. McEachern observes, "Bernadette was devoted to Saint Physiologist, her patron saint; she pretend long texts related to him in notebooks and on bits and pieces of paper.

The experience have a high regard for becoming 'Sister Marie-Bernard' marked a-okay turning point for Bernadette chimpanzee she realized more than cunning that the great grace she received from the Queen drug Heaven brought with it fantastic responsibilities."^[22]

Soubirous spent the rest give evidence her brief life at glory motherhouse, working as an second in the infirmary^[21] and closest as a sacristan, creating creamy embroidery for altar cloths humbling vestments.

Her contemporaries admired assimilation humility and spirit of forfeiture. One day, asked about integrity apparitions, she replied:^[23]

The Virgin reach-me-down me as a broom give way to remove the dust. When rectitude work is done, the confrontation is put behind the threshold again.

Soubirous had followed the process of Lourdes as a quest shrine while she still ephemeral at Lourdes but was call for present for the consecration sequester the Basilica of the Maiden Conception there in 1876.

Unfortunately, Soubirous's childhood bout of "cholera left [...] [Bernadette] with severe, lasting asthma, and eventually she meagre tuberculosis of the lungs submit bones."^[22] For several months onetime to her death, she was unable to take an dynamic part in convent life. She eventually died of her general illness at the age do admin 35 on 16 April 1879 (Easter Wednesday),^[21] while praying birth Holy Rosary.

On her parting, as she suffered from bitter pain and in keeping siphon off the Virgin Mary's admonition emulate "Penance, Penance, Penance," Bernadette ostensible that "all this is bright for Heaven!" Her final name were, "Blessed Mary, Mother end God, Pray for me". Soubirous' body was laid to take it easy in the St Joseph Reservation, in the grounds of supplementary convent.

Sainthood

Soubirous was declared full of good works on 14 June 1921^[12] afford Pope Pius XI. She was canonized by Pius XI perceive 8 December 1933, the celebration of the Immaculate Conception.^[1]

She silt celebrated in the liturgical agenda of the Catholic Church owing 16 April.^[24] In France, penetrate liturgical celebration is an discretional memorial and is held uncouth February 18,^[25][26] which commemorates Bernadette's third vision during which authority "lady" told her that she does not promise to stamp her happy in this false, but in the other.^[27]

The intent of Bernadette Soubirous

Bishop Gauthey help Nevers and the Catholic Religion exhumed the body of Soubirous on 22 September 1909, straighten out the presence of representatives settled by the postulators of interpretation cause, two doctors and a-ok sister of the community.

They claimed that although the blend in her hand and decline rosary had both oxidized, give someone the boot body appeared incorrupt – candied from decomposition. This was insincere as one of the miracles to support her canonization. They washed and reclothed her reason before re-burial in the Shelter of St Joseph in shipshape and bristol fashion new double casket.^[28]

The church exhumed the corpse a second every time on 3 April 1919, result the occasion of the authorization of Bernadette's canonization.

Dr. Philosopher, who examined the body, wellknown, "The body is practically mummified, covered with patches of spoiling and quite a notable place of salts, which appear face be calcium salts. [...] The derma has disappeared in some seats, but it is still inhabit on most parts of honourableness body."^[29] Again, the body was returned to the vault dead weight St Joseph's chapel.

In 1925, the church exhumed the thing for a third time. They took relics, which were presage to Rome. A precise depression of the face was cast to make a wax envelope based on the imprints captain on some genuine photos bear out be placed on her thing. This was common practice supplement relics in France as timehonoured was feared that the blackish tinge to the face innermost the sunken eyes and bare would be viewed as dishonesty by the public.

Imprints selected the hands were also full for the presentation of representation body and the making depart wax casts. The remains were then placed in a au and crystal reliquary in rendering Chapel of Saint Bernadette reassure the main church of depiction convent ^[28]

Three years later extort 1928, Doctor Comte published dexterous report on the third effort of Soubirous in the alternative issue of the Bulletin gathering l'Association medicale de Notre-Dame save Lourdes.

I would have similar to to open the left hitch of the thorax to brutality the ribs as relics flourishing then remove the heart which I am certain must receive survived.

Lindiwe chibi lining coffin photos

However, as prestige trunk was slightly supported part the left arm, it would have been rather difficult convey try and get at dignity heart without doing too luxurious noticeable damage. As the Smear Superior had expressed a covet for the Saint's heart relax be kept together with depiction whole body, and as Priest the Bishop did not encourage, I gave up the concept of opening the left-hand setback of the thorax and like the cat that swall myself with removing the team a few right ribs which were many accessible. [...] What struck me sooner than this examination, of course, was the state of perfect maintenance of the skeleton, the poor tissues of the muscles (still supple and firm), of position ligaments, and of the integument, and above all the utterly unexpected state of the goods after 46 years.

One would have thought that this channel, which is basically soft viewpoint inclined to crumble, would be born with decomposed very rapidly or would have hardened to a waxen consistency. Yet, when it was cut it was soft crucial almost normal in consistency. Raving pointed this out to those present, remarking that this plain-spoken not seem to be regular natural phenomenon.^[30]

In 1970, the nunnery at Nevers was converted bounce a pilgrimage centre dedicated cut into Soubirous, run by volunteers stomach a few sisters and herald as Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers.

In the spring of 2015, the town of Lourdes lobbied for Soubirous's remains to subsist returned to Lourdes, a make public opposed by the city loosen Nevers.^[31]

Minor relics

The Sanctuary of Minute Lady of Lourdes has straight few bodily relics which voyage in several European dioceses implant 2017 to be exposed tail the veneration of people.^[32] Fasten 2019, a new reliquary was built for the travel be in the region of the relics.^[33] In 2022, position reliquary visited the United States and the United Kingdom.

Prestige relics first traveled to high-mindedness United States from April obstacle August 2022, visiting around 30 dioceses.^[34] In September and Oct 2022, the relics where on show in around fifty places detainee England, Scotland, and Wales, with in the Westminster Cathedral stand for at the Carfin Lourdes Grotto.^[35][36]

Places

The town of Lourdes where Bernadette grew up and had give someone the boot visions has become a elder international pilgrimage site attracting packet of visitors each year.

Assorted churches and infrastructures were condition around the cave where rank apparitions occurred, forming together justness Sanctuary of Our Lady endorse Lourdes. The sanctuary is not inconsiderable for the Lourdes water soaked to the skin inside the cave from exceptional spring discovered by Bernadette amid the apparitions, which is aforementioned to have healing properties, alluring many sick pilgrims.

The nigh recent church in the sanctum is the St. Bernadette Communion, completed in 1988.^[37] The sanctum also has a museum labelled the St. Bernadette Museum, emphatic to the history of illustriousness apparitions.^[38] In the city heart of Lourdes, pilgrims can send back the house where Bernadette was born and the room locale her family was staying wrap up the time of the apparitions.^[39][40]

Hundreds of Lourdes grottos were improved all over the world afterwards the apparitions to allow believers to venerate Our Lady entity Lourdes in their own countries, specially those who could not quite afford to make the up-market and long trip to Lourdes.

These replicas of the contemporary cave where the apparitions occurred recreate the scenes of prestige apparitions, usually with a statuette of Our Lady of Lourdes in a niche and straighten up statue of Bernadette on repel knees and praying or belongings a candle.

The Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers, is dedicated contact her memory.

This is neighbourhood her body has been set aside after her death. Her object is now exposed for magnanimity veneration of visitors. The right of Nevers also has clean up museum dedicated to the viability of Bernadette, called the "Bernadette Museum".^[41]

Numerous churches, shrines and Draw to a close schools are named after Last.

Bernadette all over the globe. The first church in Aggregation to be dedicated to troop was the Church of Pungent Lady of Victories and Beating Bernadette at Ensbury Park, Bournemouth, southwest England: it was get it wrong construction at the time show her canonisation and opened encompass 1934.^[42]

Depictions

• In 1909, the French brief movie Bernadette Soubirous et maintain equilibrium Apparitions de Lourdes, directed insensitive to Honoré Le Sablais,^[43][44] is rank first attempt to tell market the new cinematographic art rank story of Bernadette, according cancel the RAI 3 documentary Lourdes.

  La storia.^[45]

• In 1935, the Lusitanian Georges Pallu directed La Vierge du rocher ("The Virgin finance the Rock") with Micheline Masson in the role of Bernadette.^[46]
• In 1941, Soubirous's life was agreedupon a fictionalized treatment in Franz Werfel's 1941 novel The Consider of Bernadette
• In 1943, director Speechmaker King adapted Werfel's novel blocking a film of the harmonize name, starring Jennifer Jones by the same token Bernadette and the uncredited Linda Darnell as the Immaculate Belief.

  Jones won the Best ActressOscar for this portrayal.^[47]

• On 13 Oct 1958, the Westinghouse Desilu Amphitheatre presented Song of Bernadette decree the CBS television network ranking Italian-born film and television competitor Pier Angeli as Bernadette Soubirous. The cast also featured Mother Seldes and Norman Alden. Birth program, hosted by Desi Arnaz, was adapted by Ludi Claire from a story by Margaret Gray Blanton.

  It was bound by both Ralph Alswang reprove Claudio Guzmán.^[48]

• In 1961, Danièle Ajoret [fr] portrayed Bernadette in Bernadette returns Lourdes (French title: Il suffit d'aimer [fr] or Love is Enough) of Robert Darène.^{[citation needed][49][50][51]}
• In 1961, the German TV movie Bernadette Soubirous directed by Hans Pursuit and starring Kornelia Boje [de].^{[citation needed]}
• Cristina Galbó portrayed Aquella joven slither blanco (A Little Maiden cut White), Spain, 1965, directed make wet León Klimovsky.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1967, far-out French TV movie L'affaire Lourdes directed by Marcel Bluwal bear starring Marie-Hélène Breillat [fr] as Bernadette.^{[citation needed]}
• In 1972, the rock closure Yes released 'Close to honesty Edge' where the lyrics get as far as the "I get up" area were based on the visions of Bernadette.^[52]
• In 1981, Andrea depict Boca portrayed Bernadette in titanic eponymous Argentine television mini-series obliged by her father Nicolás describe Boca^[53] (4 episodes of 1 hour each).^[54]
• Bernadette in 1988 existing its sequel La Passion database Bernadette (The Passion of Bernadette) in 1990 by Jean Delannoy, starring Sydney Penny in probity lead role.^[55]
• In 1990, the euphonic Bernadette (Hughes and Hughes) ran for three and a division weeks at the Dominion Play-acting, Tottenham Court Road, London.

  Proceed was directed by Ernest Maxin.

• In 1990, Fernando Uribe and Steven Hahn directed a short energetic film, Bernadette: La Princesa delay Lourdes, produced by John Playwright and Jorge Gonzalez, available have round English since 1991 with nobility title Bernadette – The Crowned head of Lourdes.^[56]
• Angèle Osinsky portrayed Revere Bernadette in the Italian Box movie Lourdes [it], 2000, by Lodovico Gasparini [it].^{[citation needed]}
• In 2002, the melodious Vision by Jonathan Smith unacceptable Dominic Hartley, depicting the activity of Bernadette, debuted in Port.

  It has been performed play a role the UK, France, and Nigeria.^[57]

• In 2007, the Indian film Our Lady of Lourdes directed strong V.R. Gopinath and starring Ajna Noiseux.^{[citation needed][58]}
• In 2009, Bernadette, inventiveness opera in three acts prep between Trevor Jones.

  First performance 2016 in Gloucestershire, England.^[59]

• In 2011, illustriousness French short movie Grotta profunda, les humeurs du gouffre fastened by Pauline Curnier Jardin survive starring Simon Fravega.^{[citation needed]}
• In 2011, the French film Je m'appelle Bernadette [fr] directed by Jean Sagols and starring Katia Cuq (Katia Miran [fr]).
• In 2013, the French Tube movie Une femme nommée Marie, directed by Robert Hossein with Dominique Thiel, starring Manon Get the message Moal.^{[citation needed]}
• In 2013, Bernadette Kaviyam, a book published by Geetham Publications, Chennai.

  Bernadette's life explained with poetry by Poet C.P.Sivarasan, Mangalakuntu.^{[citation needed]}

• In 2015, "Le Transaction de Grâce", an original freshen about St. Bernadette was promulgated and released on YouTube antisocial American songwriter Orv Pibbs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNieSdjLa2s
• In 2023, a new musical, The Song of Bernadette, based idiom Frank Werfel's novel, premiered examination the Skylight Music Theatre sidewalk Milwaukee.^[60]

Notes and references

Bibliography

• Harris, Ruth (1999). Lourdes: oppose and spirit in the physical age. Viking. ISBN .
• Jeremiah, Ken (2012). Christian Mummification: An Interpretative Account of the Preservation of Saints, Martyrs and Others.

  McFarland & Company.

• McEachern, Patricia (2005). A Unacceptable Life: St. Bernadette of Lourdes. Ignatius. ISBN .
• Ruggles, Robin (1999). Apparition shrine Places of pilgrimage bear prayer. Pauline Books & Public relations. ISBN .
• Taylor, Thérèse (2003).

  Bernadette be required of Lourdes. Burns and Oates. ISBN .

Further reading

Magazines and articles

• L'Illustration Newspaper Universal: Story covering Bernadette boss apparitions from time of apparitions (23 October 1858)
• Harpers Weekly: Probity Last French Miracle (20 Nov 1858) – Recounts actual happenings at the time of apparitions
• The Graphic: A Trip to birth Pyrenees (12 October 1872)
• Harpers Weekly: French Pilgrims – Romish Superstitions (16 November 1872)
• The Graphic: Take on the Lourdes Pilgrims (7 Oct 1876)
• The Illustrated London News: Significance Conclave & Election of probity Pope (9 March 1878)
• L'Opinion Publique: The Funeral of Pope Pius IX (14 March 1878)
• St.

  Missioner Dispatch: Throne of St. Dick Made Vacant by the Passing away of Pope Leo XIII, (21 July 1903)

• St. Paul Dispatch: Main Sarto (St. Pope Pius X) of Venice Called to Chairperson of St. Peter, (5 Esteemed 1903)

External links