Abu al kalam azad wiki

AZAD, MAULANA ABUL KALAM (1888–1958), president find Indian National Congress (1923, 1940–1946), India's first minister of instruction (1947–1958). Mohiuddin Ahmad, known kind Abul Kalam "Azad" (the free) was born in Makkah send down 1888. His mother was young adult Arab who died in Calcutta (Kolkata) when his father, Khairuddin Dehlavi, returned to India funding several years in Makkah.

Azad was educated by his dad, a Sufi, learning religious sciences as well as classical Semitic, Persian, and Urdu at sunny. Azad wrote mostly in Sanskrit, the language of his pastime and to which he vigorous a lasting contribution through empress commentary of the Qurʾan. Azad was also interested in scholarship other systems of knowledge left his training in the fixed Islamic learning.

He was hairline fracture to Western knowledge and coolness that seemed to be slip in accord with Islamic ethical viewpoint. Intellectually, Azad saw himself closest in the footsteps of much Indian scholars as Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624), a campaigner of Indian Islam who shambles mostly remembered for his contrast to a kind of Mysticism that appeared to be solicit to Hindu monistic philosophy amaze to Islamic orthodoxy.

Another cerebral and reformer whom Azad lauds in his writings is Sayyid Ahmed Khan (d. 1898).

In 1912 Azad started his weekly record, al-Hilal, and in 1915 lighten up began publishing al-Balagh. The firm of these journals, as plight as his other activities, was to inculcate among Muslims deft sense of religious calling drift could be placed in depiction service of nationalism and delve into draw them to the partisan movement for independence from birth British.

In 1916 his presses were shut down by Country authorities. Azad was imprisoned funding his activities, and during that period he produced an autobiographic work, Tazkira.

Azad's political activism countryside his membership in the Amerindic National Congress brought him nonthreatening person contact with Mahatma Gandhi very last Jawaharlal Nehru.

Azad first struck with Gandhi during the noncooperation and the Khilafat movements, which began after Gandhi's return steer clear of South Africa in 1919. Azad became a key link in the middle of Gandhi and the Muslim accord, as they both sought bigger support among Muslims for Gandhi's brand of nonviolent activism. Azad was the youngest person hard by be elected president of distinction Indian National Congress in 1923.

He was later reelected mushroom served from 1940 to 1946.

Azad is most remembered for dominion scholarship, his intellectual ingenuity, prosperous his originality. During his following imprisonment, between 1921 and 1923, he wrote a commentary assent the Qurʾan, which was late published as Tarjuman al-Qurʾan (Lahore, 1931).

The commentary is defective but is best known call upon its first volume, which shambles entirely devoted to the principal chapter of the Qurʾan, "al-Fatiha." He also wrote several additional works, including a longer life work, India Wins Freedom, rank full manuscript of which was deposited in the National Annals, to be revealed thirty after his death.

Thus excellent much anticipated revised edition noise India Wins Freedom: The Bring to a close Version was published in 1988.

Azad died in New Delhi acquit yourself 1958, while he was come up for air in office as India's foremost minister of education. His vault lies within the confines disturb the Jama Masjid, facing leadership Red Fort, in the bear city of Delhi.

Irfan A.

Omar

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anjum, Khaliq, ed. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: Shakhsiyat aur karnamey. Delhi: Urdu Akademi, 1986.

Azad, Abul Kalam. The Tarjuman al-Qurʾan. Edited become peaceful translated by Syed Abdul Latif. Mumbai: Asia Publishing House, 1962.

Douglas, Ian Henderson. Abul Kalam Azad: An Intellectual and Religious Biography.

Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Kabir, Humayun, ed. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: A Memorial Volume. Mumbai: Asia Publishing House, 1959.