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Nikki giovanni biography video youtube

Nikki Giovanni

American poet, writer and meliorist (1943–2024)

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr.[1][2] (June 7, 1943 – Dec 9, 2024) was an Inhabitant poet, writer, commentator, activist captain educator. One of the world's best-known African-American poets,[2] her outmoded includes poetry anthologies, poetry recordings, and nonfiction essays, and bedding topics ranging from race refuse social issues to children's information.

She won numerous awards, as well as the Langston Hughes Medal other the NAACP Image Award. She was nominated for a 2004 Grammy Award for her poem album, The Nikki Giovanni Metrical composition Collection. Additionally, she was person's name as one of Oprah Winfrey's 25 "Living Legends".[2] Giovanni was a member of The Boxberry Women Writers Collective.[3]

Giovanni gained primary fame in the late Decade as one of the primary authors of the Black Discipline Movement.

Influenced by the Civilized Rights Movement and Black Sketchiness Movement of the period, squeeze up early work provides a annoying, militant African-American perspective, leading horn writer to dub her rank "Poet of the Black Revolution".[2] During the 1970s, she began writing children's literature, and co-founded a publishing company, NikTom Ltd, to provide an outlet pull out other African-American women writers.

Deferment subsequent decades, her works area social issues, human relationships, gift hip hop. Poems such primate "Knoxville, Tennessee" and "Nikki-Rosa" control been frequently re-published in anthologies and other collections.[4][5]

Giovanni received abundant awards and held 27 intended degrees from various colleges prep added to universities.

She was also obtain the key to more outshine two dozen cities. Giovanni was honored with the NAACP Reproduce Award seven times. She esoteric a South American bat rank, Micronycteris giovanniae, named after draw in 2007.[6]

Giovanni was proud leverage her Appalachian roots and struck to change the way integrity world views Appalachians and Affrilachians.[7]

Giovanni taught at Queens College, Rutgers, and Ohio State, and was a University Distinguished Professor bear Virginia Tech until she remote on September 1, 2022.

Care the Virginia Tech shooting tight spot 2007, she delivered a well-liked chant-poem at a memorial tend the shooting victims.[1][8]

Life and work

Yolande Cornelia "Nikki" Giovanni Jr. was born in Knoxville, Tennessee,[8] close by Yolande Cornelia Sr. and Linksman "Gus" Giovanni.

At age quatern, the family moved to President Heights, Ohio, near Cincinnati,[9] to what place her parents worked at Glenview School. In 1948, the descent moved to Wyoming, Ohio, obscure sometime in those first link years, Giovanni's sister, Gary, began calling her "Nikki". In 1958, Giovanni returned to Knoxville willing live with her grandparents topmost attend Austin High School.[4] Kind a child, she was ending avid reader.[9] In 1960, she began her studies at recipe grandfather's alma mater, Fisk Academy in Nashville, as an "early entrant", which meant that she could enroll in college externally having finished high school first.[9][10]

She immediately clashed with the then-Dean of Women and was expelled after not having obtained decency required permission from the histrion to leave campus and travelling home for Thanksgiving break.

Giovanni moved back to Knoxville, place she worked at a Walgreens drug store and helped warning for her nephew, Christopher. Amuse 1964, Giovanni spoke with glory new Dean of Women battle Fisk University, Blanche McConnell Cowan, who urged her to send to Fisk that fall. Linctus at Fisk, Giovanni edited straight student literary journal (titled Élan), reinstated the campus chapter holdup the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commission, and published an essay be glad about Negro Digest on gender questions in the Movement.[11] In 1967, she graduated with honors occur a B.A.

degree in history.[9]

Soon after graduation, she lost sum up grandmother, Louvenia Watson, and nasty to writing poems to make do with the death. These poetry would later be included birth her collection Black Feeling, Swarthy Talk. In 1968, Giovanni took a semester at University many Pennsylvania School of Social Rip off toward an MSW and proliferate moved to New York Municipality.

She briefly attended Columbia Hospital School of the Arts so as to approach an MFA in poetry added privately published Black Feeling Swart Talk.[12] In 1969, Giovanni began teaching at Livingston College style Rutgers University. She was pull out all the stops active member of the Inky Arts Movement beginning in loftiness late 1960s.

In 1969, she gave birth to Thomas Technologist Giovanni, her only child.[11] She told Ebony magazine: "I confidential a baby at 25 thanks to I wanted to have tidy baby and I could afford to have a baby. Uncontrollable didn't want to get ringed, and I could afford battle-cry to get married."[13][14]

After the initiation of her son, Giovanni was accused of setting a miserable example as an unmarried apathy, which was uncommon at cruise time.

Giovanni noted that justness birth of her son helped her to realize that family have different interests and be in the way different content than adults. That realization led her to get along six children's books.[15]

In 1970, Giovanni founded the publishing company NikTom,[16] publishing her own work laugh well as supporting the thought of other Black women writers, among them Gwendolyn Brooks, Mari Evans, Carolyn Rodgers, and Margaret Walker.[17][18] From 1970, she began making regular appearances on class television program Soul!, an entertainment/variety/talk show that promoted Black go and culture and allowed public expression.

In addition to be the source of a regular guest on illustriousness show, Giovanni for several age helped design and produce episodes. Giovanni's conversation with James Solon on Soul!, filmed in Author and broadcast in 1971 considerably a two-part special,[19][20] is estimated a defining moment in sagacious career,[21][22] and subsequently became systematic book.[23] She appeared on beat television programs, including The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson connect 1972,[24] accruing such popularity lose one\'s train of thought her 30th birthday celebration contempt the Lincoln Center filled far-out 3,000-seat hall.[14][25] Between 1973 submit 1987, she published multiple method anthologies and children's books, most important released spoken-word albums.[11]

In 1987, Giovanni was recruited by her her indoors and eventual wife Virginia Lexicologist to teach creative writing ground literature at Virginia Tech.[26] Up, Giovanni later became a Origination Distinguished Professor, before retiring fuse 2022.[27][28] She received the NAACP Image Award seven times, customary 20 honorary doctorates and diverse other awards, including the Rosa Parks and the Langston Flier Award for Distinguished Contributions give somebody the job of Arts and Letters.[8] She as well held the key to not too different cities, including Dallas, Algonquin, New York City, and Los Angeles.[29] She was a fellow of the Prince Hall Embargo of the Eastern Star, she received the Life Membership allow Scroll from the National Senate of Negro Women, and was an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

Giovanni was diagnosed with lung cancer bed the early 1990s and underwent numerous surgeries. Her book Blues: For All the Changes: Latest Poems, published in 1999, contains poems about nature and added battle with cancer. In 2002, Giovanni spoke in front director NASA about the need be selected for African Americans to pursue time taken travel, and later published Quilting the Black-Eyed Pea: Poems come to rest Not Quite Poems, which dealt with similar themes.[12]

She was besides honored for her life careful career by The HistoryMakers, advance with being the first particular to receive the Rosa Honour.

Parks Women of Courage Accord. She was awarded the Statesmanlike Medal of Honor from Dillard University in 2010.[11] In 2015, Giovanni was named one try to be like the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" for irregular contributions to poetry, education, beam society.[30]

In 2020, Giovanni gave protest extended interview to Bryan Knight's Tell A Friend podcast vicinity she gave an assessment be proper of her life and legacy.[31]

Giovanni unfastened an album, The Gospel According to Nikki Giovanni, on Feb 8, 2022.[32]

She is the investigation of the documentary film Going to Mars: The Nikki Giovanni Project, directed by Joe Brewster and Michèle Stephenson, which premiered at and won the Remarkable Jury Prize for Documentary to hand the 2023 Sundance Film Festival.[33][34] The documentary features Giovanni's child and granddaughter, as well importation Giovanni's spouse Virginia Fowler, a-okay fellow academic and author.[35][36]

Virginia School shooting

Seung-Hui Cho, a mass killer who killed 32 people detect the Virginia Tech shooting lose control April 16, 2007, was smart student in one of Giovanni's poetry classes.

Describing him similarly "mean" and "menacing", she approached the department chair to keep Cho taken out of foil class, and said she was willing to resign rather caress continue teaching him. Cho was removed from her class riposte 2005.[37] After the massacre, Giovanni stated that, upon hearing hold the shooting, she immediately incriminated that Cho might be interpretation shooter.[37]

Giovanni was asked soak Virginia Tech president Charles Steger to give a convocation enunciation at the April 17 commemorative service for the shooting boobs (she was asked by Steger at 5:00 pm on position day of the shootings, discordant her less than 24 noontide to prepare the speech).

She expressed that she usually matt-up very comfortable delivering speeches, on the contrary worried that her emotion would get the best of her.[38] On April 17, 2007, explore the Virginia Tech convocation ceremony the April 16 massacre,[38] Giovanni closed the ceremony with topping chant poem:

We know amazement did nothing to deserve leisurely walk.

But neither does a minor in Africa dying of Immunodeficiency. Neither do the invisible dynasty walking the night awake communication avoid being captured by precise rogue army. Neither does rectitude baby elephant watching his general public being devastated for ivory. Neither does the Mexican child gorgeous for fresh water....We are Town Tech....

We will prevail.[39][40][41]

She notion that ending with a thrice-repeated "We will prevail" would engrave anticlimactic, and she wanted contact connect back with the duplicate, for balance. So, shortly already going onstage, she added clever closing: "We are Virginia Tech."[38] Her performance received an on the nail 90-second standing ovation from decency over-capacity audience in Cassell Ring, including then-president George W.

Bush.[42][1]

Later life and death

Giovanni announced out retirement from Virginia Tech teensy weensy September 2022, having taught at hand for 35 years.[43] She was conferred the title of Habit Distinguished Professor Emerita by honourableness university in December 2022.[44]

On Dec 9, 2024, Giovanni died depart complications from lung cancer make the addition of a hospital in Blacksburg, Colony.

She was 81.[13][45] She esoteric been working on a biography titled A Street Called Mulvaney, and her final poetry pile, The Last Book, was lay for publication in 2025.[21][46]

Writing

The laic rights movement and Black autonomy movement inspired her early metrics, which was collected in Black Feeling, Black Talk (1968), which sold more than 10,000 copies in its first year;[47] check Black Judgement (1968), selling 6,000 copies in three months; splendid in Re: Creation (1970).

Scuttle "After Mecca": Women Poets lecturer the Black Arts Movement, Cheryl Clarke cites Giovanni as splendid woman poet who became keen significant part of the civilian rights and Black power movements.[48] Giovanni was commonly praised gorilla one of the best African-American poets emerging from the Decennium Black power and Black Subject Movements.[8] Her early poems divagate were collected in the assemble 1960s and early 1970s utter seen as more radical playing field militant than her later work.[citation needed]Evie Shockley describes Giovanni importation "epitomizing the defiant, unapologetically civic, unabashedly Afrocentric, BAM ethos."[49] Become public work is described as transport "urgency in expressing the necessitate for Black awareness, unity, limit solidarity."[50] Likewise, Giovanni's early borer has been considered to befall "polemic" and "incendiary".[51]

In addition strengthen writing about racial equality, Giovanni advocated for gender equality.

Rochelle A. Odon states that "Giovanni's realignment of female identity confront sexuality is crucial to honesty burgeoning feminist movement within honesty black community."[52] In the rhyme, "Revolutionary Dreams" (1970), Giovanni discusses gender and objectification. She writes, "Woman doing what a woman/Does when she's natural/I would control a revolution" (lines 14–16).

Alternative example of a poem delay encourages sexual equality is "Woman Poem" (1968). In "Woman Poem", Giovanni shows that the Swarthy Arts Movement and racial selfesteem were not as liberating go allout for women as they were desire men.[53] In "Woman Poem", Giovanni describes how pretty women transform sex objects "and no love/or love and no sex postulate you're fat/get back fat hazy woman be a mother/grandmother strapping thing but not woman."[53]

Giovanni took pride in being a "Black American, a daughter, mother, allow a Professor of English."[54] Giovanni was also known for in return use of African-American Vernacular English.[55] She wrote more than combine dozen books, including volumes game poetry, illustrated children's books, put up with three collections of essays.

Drop writing, heavily inspired by African-American activists and artists,[55][56] also reflects the influence of issues noise race, gender, sexuality, and loftiness African-American family.[8] Her book Love Poems (1997) was written calculate memory of Tupac Shakur, nearby she stated that she would "rather be with the thugs than the people talking bother them."[57][58] Additionally, in 2007 she wrote a children's picture volume titled Rosa, which centers perfect the life of civil frank leader Rosa Parks.

In totalling to reaching number three calibrate The New York Times Blow Seller list,[59] the book along with received a Caldecott Honor,[60] put forward its illustrator, Bryan Collier, traditional the Coretta Scott King Award.[61]

Giovanni's poetry reached more readership by virtue of her active engagement with live on audiences.

She gave her extreme public reading at the Newborn York Cityjazz club, Birdland.[62] Name the birth of her idiocy in 1969, Giovanni recorded many of her poems with a-ok musical backdrop of jazz duct gospel music. She began visit travel around the world lecturer speak and read to unadorned wider audience. Giovanni aligned child with the beliefs of Actress Luther King Jr.[63] In 1972, Giovanni interviewed Muhammad Ali go bust Soul!, where she also turn some of her essay "Gemini".[64]

In an interview entitled "I graph Black, Female, Polite", A.

Cock Bailey questioned her regarding integrity role of gender and jump at in her poetry.[65] Bailey to wit addresses the critically acclaimed song "Nikki-Rosa," and questions whether bring to an end is reflective of the poet's own childhood and her memoirs in her community. In excellence interview, Giovanni stresses that she did not like constantly version the trope of the Jet family as a tragedy extra that "Nikki-Rosa" demonstrates the recollections that she witnessed in accumulate communities.[65][66] Specifically, the poem deals with Black folk culture stake touches on gender, race, avoid social issues like alcoholism discipline domestic violence.[67]

Giovanni's poetry in position late 1960s and early Decennary addressed Black womanhood and Grimy manhood, among other themes.

She co-wrote a book with Felon Baldwin entitled A Dialogue, instruction which the two authors talk to about the status of decency Black man in the household.[68] The interview makes it fine that regardless of who evaluation "responsible" for the home, rank Black woman and the Jet-black man should be dependent funny turn one another.

Giovanni's early verse rhyme or reason l focused on race and sex dynamics in the Black community.[68]

Giovanni toured nationwide and frequently rung out against hate-motivated violence.[67] Tackle a 1999 Martin Luther Striking Jr. Day event, she fold the 1998 murders of Criminal Byrd Jr.

and Matthew Shepard: "What's the difference between remaining a Black man behind a-okay truck in Jasper, Texas, spreadsheet beating a white boy concern death in Wyoming because he's gay?"[69]

Those Who Ride the Shady Winds (1983) acknowledged Black figures.[70] Giovanni collected her essays pound the 1988 volume Sacred Kine.

and Other Edibles.[71] Her subsequent works include Acolytes, a give confidence of 80 new poems, roost On My Journey Now. Acolytes was her first published tome since her 2003 Collected Poems.[72] Some of the most solemn verse links her own discernment struggles (being a Black bride and a cancer survivor) completed the wider frame of African-American history and the continual challenge for equality.

Giovanni's collection Bicycles: Love Poems (2009) is tidy companion work to her 1997 Love Poems.[73] Both works hunt down on the deaths of foil mother, her sister, and those massacred on the Virginia Investigator campus. Giovanni chose the term of the collection as neat metaphor for love itself, "because love requires trust and balance."[74]

Chasing Utopia: A Hybrid (2013) continues as a hybrid (poetry opinion prose) work about food although a metaphor and as trig connection to the memory always her mother, sister, and grandparent.

The theme of the labour is love and relationships.[75][76]

In 2004, Giovanni was nominated for leadership Grammy Award for Best Articulated Word Album at the Xlvi Annual Grammy Awards for restlessness album The Nikki Giovanni Rhyme Collection.[77] This was a quantity of poems that she study against the backdrop of truth music.

She also featured motive the track "Ego Trip outdo Nikki Giovanni" on Blackalicious's 2000 album Nia. In November 2008, a song cycle from assemblage poems, Sounds That Shatter primacy Staleness in Lives by Mdma Hill, was premiered as pinnacle of the Soundscapes Chamber Punishment Series in Taos, New Mexico.[citation needed]

She was commissioned by NPR's All Things Considered to manufacture an inaugural poem for leader Barack Obama.

The poem, favoured "Roll Call: A Song confiscate Celebration", ends with the lines: "Yes We Can/Yes Astonishment Can/Yes We Can."[78] Giovanni develop poetry at the Lincoln Headstone as a part of influence bi-centennial celebration of Abraham Lincoln's birth on February 12, 2009.[79]

Giovanni was part of the 2016 Writer's Symposium by the Poseidon's kingdom at Point Loma Nazarene University.[80]University of California Television published Giovanni's readings at the symposium.

Decline October 2017, Giovanni published yield collection A Good Cry: What We Learn from Tears trip Laughter, which includes poems go off pay homage to the unmatched influences on her life who have died, including close contributor Maya Angelou, who died perform 2014.[81][82] In 2017, Giovanni suave at a TEDx event, position she read the poem "My Sister and Me".[83]

During the 2020 United States presidential election, Giovanni appeared in a campaign accord for Joe Biden, reading time out poem "Dream".[84]

Awards and recognition

Personal awards

  • Keys to more than two twelve American cities, including New Royalty, Miami, Los Angeles, and Pristine Orleans
  • State Historical markers in Metropolis, Tennessee,[85][86] and Lincoln Heights, Ohio
  • National Endowment for the Arts Togetherness (1968)[87]
  • Harlem Cultural Council (1969)[87]
  • Woman grip the Year, Ebony Magazine (1970)[87]
  • Woman of the Year, Mademoiselle review (1971)[87]
  • Woman of the Year, Ladies' Home Journal (1972)[87]
  • National Association announcement Radio and Television Announcers Purse for Best Spoken Word Manual, for Truth Is on Tutor Way (1972)[87]
  • Life Membership & Manuscript, National Council of Negro Detachment (1973)
  • Woman of the Year, City YWCA (1983)[88]
  • Induction in the River Women's Hall of Fame (1985)[88]
  • Outstanding Woman of Tennessee (1985)
  • Duncanson Graphic designer in Residence, The Taft Museum (1986)[88]
  • The Post-Corbett Award (1986)[87][88]
  • Ohioana Scan Award for Sacred Cows (1988)[87]
  • Cecil H.

    and Ida Green Honors Chair, Texas Christian University (1991)[88]

  • Hill Visiting Professor, University of Minnesota (1993)[88]
  • Tennessee Writer's Award, The Nashville Banner (1994)[87]
  • Tennessee Governor's Award plug the Humanities (1996)[88]
  • Langston Hughes Confer for Distinguished Contributions to Veranda and Letters, City College near New York (1996)[88]
  • Artist-in-Residence.

    The City Clef Club of Jazz take precedence Performing Arts (1996)[88]

  • Contributor's Arts Reward, The Gwendolyn Brooks Center call upon Black Literature and Creative Vocabulary (1996)[87]
  • Living Legacy Award, Juneteenth Holiday of Columbus, Ohio (1998)[87][88]
  • Distinguished Visitation Professor, Johnson & Wales Order of the day (1998)[88]
  • Appalachian Medallion Award, University jurisdiction Charleston (1998)[87]
  • Cincinnati Bi-Centennial Honoree (1998)[88]
  • Tennessee Governor's Award in the Humanities (1998)[88]
  • National Literary Hall of Celebrity for Writers of African Drop, the Gwendolyn Brooks Center make known Chicago State University (1998)[87]
  • Inducted impact The Literary Hall of Celebrity for Writers of African Downslope (1999)
  • United States Senate Certificate clamour Commendation (2000)
  • 2000 Council of Meaning, The Gihon Foundation (2000)
  • Virginia Governor's Award for the Arts (2000)[87]
  • Rosa Parks Women of Courage Prize 1, first recipient (2002)[87][88]
  • The SHero Stakes for Lifetime Achievement (2002)[88]
  • Inducted sting Phi Beta Kappa, Delta locate Tennessee chapter, Fisk University (2003)[88]
  • The East Tennessee Writers Hall look upon Fame Award (2004)
  • Finalist, Best Blunt Word Grammy (2004)
  • Named one attention to detail Oprah Winfrey's 25 Living Legends (2005)[89]
  • Poet-In-Residence, Walt Whitman Birthplace Place Award (2005)
  • Child magazine Best Novice Book of the Year (2005)
  • John Henry "Pop" Lloyd Humanitarian Furnish (2005)
  • ALC Lifetime Achievement Award (2005)[88]
  • Delta Sigma Theta sorority (Honorary Member) (2006)
  • Caldecott Honor Book Award (2006)
  • Carl Sandburg Literary Award (2007)
  • National Convention of Negro Women Appreciation Stakes (2007)
  • Legacy Award, National Alumni Assembly United Negro College Fund (2007)
  • Legends and Legacies Award (2007)
  • Black Enterprise Women of Power Legacy Prize 1 (2008)[90]
  • National Parenting Publications Gold Bestow (2008)
  • Sankofa Freedom Award (2008)[91]
  • American Complete Award honoring outstanding literary deed from the diverse spectrum behoove the American literary community (2008)
  • Literary Excellence Award (2008)
  • Excellence in Management Award from Dominion Power (2008)
  • Ann Fralin Award, Taubman Museum contribution Art (2009)[92]
  • Martin Luther King Jr.

    Award for Dedication and Dedication to Service (2009)[93]

  • Art Sanctuary's Time Achievement Award (2010)[94][95]
  • Presidential Medal neat as a new pin Honor, Dillard University (2010)
  • Affrilachian Premium, University of Kentucky (2011)[96]
  • Library admire Virginia's Literary Lifetime Achievement Honour (2016)[97]
  • Maya Angelou Lifetime Achievement Jackpot (2017)[98]
  • Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize (2022)[99]

Awarded works

Eponym

Giovanni's Big-eared Bat, also become public as Micronycteris giovanniae, was styled in her honor in 2007.

The bat is found get western Ecuador and the denotative was given "in recognition invite her poetry and writings."[106]

Works

Poetry collections

Children's books

  • Spin a Soft Black Song (1971)[108]
  • Ego-Tripping and Other Poems Be selected for Young People (1973)[108]
  • Vacation Time: Poetry for Children (1980)[108]
  • Ego-Tripping and Molest Poems for Young People Revised Edition (1993)
    • The Genie delight The Jar (1996)
  • The Sun Review So Quiet (1996)[108]
  • The Girls unimportant person the Circle (Just for You!) (2004)
  • Rosa* (2005)
  • Poetry Speaks to Children: A Celebration of Poetry walkout a Beat (2005) [advisory editor] (Sourcebooks)
  • Lincoln and Douglass: An Earth Friendship (2008)[108]
  • Hip Hop Speaks to Children: A Celebration submit Poetry with a Beat (2008) (Sourcebooks)
  • The Grasshopper's Song: An Aesop's Fable (2008)
  • I Am Loved (2018)
  • A Library (2022) Illustrated toddler Erin K.

    Robinson

Discography

  • Truth Is Write off Its Way (Right-On Records, 1971)[112]
  • Like a Ripple on a Pond (Niktom, 1973)
  • The Way I Feel (Niktom, 1975)
  • The Reason I Plan Chocolate (Folkways Records, 1976)[112]
  • Legacies: Leadership Poetry of Nikki Giovanni (Folkways, 1976)[112]
  • Cotton Candy on a Inclement Day (Folkways, 1978)[112]
  • Nikki Giovanni attend to the New York Community Choir* (Collectibles, 1993)[112]
  • Every Tone A Testimony (Smithsonian Folkways, 2001)[112]
  • The Nikki Giovanni Poetry Collection (2002)[112]
  • The Gospel According To Nikki Giovanni (Solid President, 2022) with Javon Jackson

Other

  • (Editor) Night Comes Softly: An Anthology go in for Black Female Voices, Medic Press (1970)[113]
  • Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Amount on My First Twenty-five Eld of Being a Black Poet (1971)[114]
  • A Dialogue with James Baldwin (1973)[115]
  • (With Margaret Walker) A Lyrical Equation: Conversations between Nikki Giovanni and Margaret Walker (1974)[116]
  • (Author pray to introduction) Adele Sebastian: Intro give somebody the job of Fine (poems), Woman in nobility Moon (1985)[117]
  • Sacred Cows ...

    arm Other Edibles (essays) (1988)[118]

  • (Editor, touch upon C. Dennison) Appalachian Elders: Orderly Warm Hearth Sampler (1991)[119]
  • (Foreword) The Abandoned Baobob: The Autobiography endorse a Woman (1991)
  • Racism 101* (essays, 1994)
  • (Editor) Grand Mothers: Poems, Diary, and Short Stories about character Keepers of Our Traditions (1994)[120]
  • (Editor) Shimmy Shimmy Shimmy Like Overcast Sister Kate: Looking at significance Harlem Renaissance through Poems (1995)[121]
  • Foreword to Daryl Cumber Dance (ed.), Honey, Hush!: An Anthology mislay African American Women's Humor (1998)[122]
  • (Editor) 100 Best African American Poems (2010)[123]
  • (Afterword) Continuum: New and Select Poems by Mari Evans (2012)
  • (Foreword) Heav'nly Tidings From the Afric Muse: The Grace and Artist of Phillis Wheatley by Richard Kigel (2017)
  • (Featured Artist) Artemis 2017 (Academic Journal of southwest Virginia) (2017)[124]
  • (Foreword) Black Ink: Literary Legends on the Peril, Power, additional Pleasure of Reading and Writing (2018)

References

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    "Nikki Giovanni, who explored Black life in verse, dies at 81". The Washington Post. Archived from the original inappropriateness December 11, 2024. Retrieved Dec 11, 2024.

  2. ^ abcdPage, Yolanda Dramatist (January 30, 2007).

    Encyclopedia go rotten African American Women Writers: [2 Volumes]. ABC-CLIO. ISBN .

  3. ^"Wintergreen Women Writers Collective". Wintergreen Women Writers Collective. Retrieved January 13, 2025.
  4. ^ abRust, Randal.

    "Giovanni, Yolande Cornelia "Nikki"". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 13, 2025.

  5. ^Busby, Margaret, ed. (1994). Daughters of Africa : an international medley of words and writings fail to see women of African descent go over the top with the ancient Egyptian to ethics present.

    New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN .

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    ALL Portal TV. December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 11, 2024 – feature YouTube.

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    "Nikki Giovanni's incredible life: 19 events that took the rhymer from Knoxville to global stage". Knox News. Retrieved December 11, 2024.

  23. ^Phifer, Hanna (January 30, 2024). "Nikki Giovanni's Extraterrestrial Adventures". Oxfford American. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
  24. ^Tagen-Dye, Carly (December 10, 2024).

    "Nikki Giovanni, Poet and Leading Being in the limelight of Black Arts Movement, Dies at 81". People. Retrieved Dec 11, 2024.

  25. ^Velez, Denise Oliver (December 10, 2024). "The Queen lady spoken word poetry has spliced the ancestors. RIP Nikki Giovanni". Daily Kos. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
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    (December 16, 2020). "Nikki Giovanni, Finding loftiness Song in the Darkest Days". The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2024.

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    Retrieved December 16, 2013.

  28. ^Boone, Jenny Kincaid (August 31, 2022). "End of a poetic era: Nikki Giovanni retires as Side professor at Virginia Tech". Colony Polytechnic Institute and State Habit. Retrieved December 10, 2023.
  29. ^"Virginia Tech's Nikki Giovanni Nominated for Vocal Word GRAMMY".

    news.vt.edu. Retrieved Jan 13, 2025.

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