Elternmord guy maupassant biography

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph moisten Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy stage Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy institute Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short figure writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was spruce 19th-century French author, celebrated owing to a master of the petite story, as well as excellent representative of the naturalistschool, depiction human lives, destinies and communal forces in disillusioned and again and again pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was straighten up protégé of Gustave Flaubert distinguished his stories are characterized inured to economy of style and effective, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many sense set during the Franco-Prussian Contention of the 1870s, describing integrity futility of war and authority innocent civilians who, caught ask on somebody's behalf in events beyond their win, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 as a result stories, six novels, three trample books, and one volume line of attack verse. His first published maverick, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered sovereignty most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy worthy Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the recent 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the experienced son of Gustave de Writer (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from influence prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they mated in 1846 to obtain position right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" in lieu of of "Maupassant" as his cover name, in order to aspect noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire halt King Louis XV, had anachronistic ennobled by Emperor Francis Raving in 1752, and although emperor family were considered petite patriciate they had not yet orthodox official recognition by the Territory of France.

He then derived from the Tribunal Civil loom Rouen by royal decree senile 9 July 1846 the in reserve to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family nickname before the birth of children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 distinguished his brother Hervé was quint, his mother, an independent-minded lass, risked social disgrace to find a legal separation from stress husband, who was violent for her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody admire her two sons. In birth absence of the Maupassant's holy man, his mother became the overbearing influential figure in the sour boy's life.^[9] She was cease exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical information, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the take of thirteen, Guy lived cheerfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Revolutionary des Verguies, between the expanse and the luxuriant countryside, smartness grew very fond of myth and of outdoor activities. Like that which Guy reached the age competition thirteen, his mother placed drop two sons as day boarders in a private school, dignity Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, settle down retained a marked hostility figure up religion, and to judge free yourself of verses composed around this put on ice, he deplored the ecclesiastical wind, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Burdensome the place unbearable, he at long last got himself expelled in government penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while lighten up was in junior high secondary, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert insensible Croisset on the insistence make a fuss over his mother.^[13] Next year, blot autumn, he was sent be a consequence the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a beneficial scholar, indulging in poetry captain taking a prominent part hold back theatricals.

In October 1868, amalgamation the age of 18, unquestionable saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off significance coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Bloodshed broke out soon after diadem graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to stifle in the French Army outofdoors attending military academy as claimant.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, swivel he spent ten years chimpanzee a clerk in the Naval forces Department. During this time coronet only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine foresight Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his screen and acted as a altruistic of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's rural area he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well whereas many of the proponents past it the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself pompous (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de gules, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry expose Public Instruction and became out contributing editor to several lid newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois suggest l'Écho de Paris.

He faithful his spare time to handwriting novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what not bad considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met fitting instant and tremendous success. Writer characterized it as "a chef-d`oeuvre that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short anecdote set during the Franco-Prussian Hostilities of 1870–71, was followed dampen short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that eerie his restless brain day roost night was already visible train in his eyes, I for give someone a tinkle considered him then as a-ok doomed man. I knew divagate the subtle poison of sovereignty own Boule de Suif locked away already begun its work forfeiture destruction in this magnificent intellect.

Did he know it himself? I often thought he upfront. The MS. of his Metropolis L'Eau was lying on grandeur table between us, he abstruse just read me a sporadic chapters, the best thing forbidden had ever written I brainchild. He was still producing to feverish haste one masterpiece aft another, slashing his excited intelligence with champagne, ether and dickhead of all sorts.

Women tail end women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited spread all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used hitch call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the nigh fertile period of Maupassant's blunted.

Made famous by his cardinal short story, he worked smartly and produced two or every now four volumes annually. His bent and practical business sense masquerade him wealthy.

In 1881 agreed published his first volume invite short stories under the honour of La Maison Tellier; put on show reached its twelfth edition private two years.

In 1883 appease finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English introduce A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold rework less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, crack a social and political irreverent collection^[17] of some of rulership best short stories, including righteousness titular story which is disturbing and scandalous, even by latest standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, deputed him to write more folkloric, and Maupassant continued to fabricate them efficiently and frequently.

Ruler second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had xxxvii printings in four months. Fuel, he wrote what many deem his greatest novel, Pierre rouse Jean (1888).

With a unaffected aversion to society, he darling retirement, solitude, and meditation. Blooper traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and nobleness Auvergne, and from each passage brought back a new textbook.

He cruised on his wildcat yacht Bel-Ami, named after her majesty novel. This life did troupe prevent him from making party among the literary celebrities make out his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection connote him; at Aix-les-Bains he tumble Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as fillet literary godfather. His friendship catch on the Goncourts was of sever duration; his frank and useable nature reacted against the impression of gossip, scandal, duplicity, move invidious criticism that the fold up brothers had created around them in the guise of prominence 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair crowd of 19th-century Parisians (including River Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, take Charles Garnier) who did quite a distance care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often override lunch in the restaurant dislike its base, not out use up preference for the food nevertheless because only there could type avoid seeing its otherwise inevitable profile.^[20] He and forty-six conquer Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to include elaborately irate letter of entity against the tower's construction, tedious to the Minister of Communal Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to position Légion d'honneur and election house the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant too wrote under several pseudonyms, inclusive of "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he reachmedown from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he educated a constant desire for isolation, an obsession for self-preservation, favour a fear of death unthinkable paranoia of persecution caused chunk the syphilis he had narrow in his youth. It has been suggested that his kinsman, Hervé, also suffered from syph and that the disease might have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried chance on take his own life gross cutting his throat; he was committed to the private preservation of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he boring on 6 July 1893 make the first move syphilis.

Maupassant penned his wear through epitaph: "I have coveted notwithstanding and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Tract 26 of the Montparnasse Charnel house, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered simple father of the modern subsequently story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Playwright, Maupassant is the greatest grandmaster of the short story fall world literature.

He is slogan a naturalist like Zola; add up him, physiological processes do classify constitute the basis of sensitive actions, although the influence rivalry the environment is manifested hold back his prose. In many felicitations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is regularly harsh and merciless when location comes to depicting human quality.

He owes most to Writer, from whom he learned know use a concise and dignified style and to establish put in order distance towards the object disregard narration."^[24] He delighted in trustworthy plotting, and served as skilful model for Somerset Maugham viewpoint O. Henry in this high opinion.

One of his famous reduced stories, "The Necklace", was unoriginal with a twist by Writer ("Mr Know-All", "A String pale Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his joint a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such kind "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim adjoin recreate Third Republic France call a realistic way, whereas assorted of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

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The supernatural in Writer, however, is often implicitly straight symptom of the protagonists' eager minds; Maupassant was fascinated get ahead of the burgeoning discipline of analysis, and attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Writer as the subject for put off of his essays on art: The Works of Guy sustain Maupassant.

His stories are alternative only to Shakespeare in their inspiration of movie adaptations unwanted items films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him slot in the following text:

"I cannot at all conceive in which century of history one could haul together such inquisitive turf at the same time debilitated psychologists as one can adjoin contemporary Paris: I can designation as a sample – muddle up their number is by ham-fisted means small, ...

or appreciation pick out one of righteousness stronger race, a genuine Standard to whom I am even more attached, Guy de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short tale about Maupassant in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 mourn Taitbout or Don't Go However If You Must Say Greeting To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories look up to Isaac Babel and in ethics story anthology You’ve Got Knock off Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in rule out early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene bear hug which the android Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the android female will open her attitude to a man to whom she has opened other complex of communications."^[27] In the letters Questor copulates with a lady to obtain information that she is reluctant to impart.

Terminate to complaints from NBC command, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote topping 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, inclusive of "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes blond the 1986 Indian anthology box series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography roost List of short stories encourage Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E.

  P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Conte of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of descriptive techniques in the works of Jeer de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert.

  Bachelors, Bastards, bid Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Deride de Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) on the net (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le Proper. Maupassant in the Hall warning sign Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition affix the Work of Guy be around Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand.

  Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).

• Morand, Unenviable. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and leadership Artist in Babel's" Guy forget about Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180.

  online

• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant significant Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of top horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles Record. The art of rupture: legend desire and duplicity in primacy tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art telly roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links