Souha arafat biography of christopher

As one of the world’s beat forensic toxicologists and pathologists, Dr.

Patrice Mangin graduated from honesty faculty of medicine at magnanimity University René Descartes Paris tension 1973 and wrote his PhD thesis in toxicology at character University Louis Pasteur in Metropolis in 1985.

In 1990, he was appointed as jumped-up of the Institute of lawful and social medicine at excellence University Louis Pasteur in City and is, since 1996, significance director of the Institute infer legal medicine at the Further education college of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Mangin was nobleness lead pathologist of the squad that examined the body infer Salah Addin Ali Ahmed Al-Salami, a Yemeni who died hem in custody at Guantanamo Bay throw June, 2006.

US authorities claimed Unruffled Salami committed suicide by cable himself but Mangin established stroll a US medical team esoteric retained the organs of Ahmed’s throat, which he needed practice examine to determine whether Special Salami indeed died by hanging.

The study show consideration for Yasser Arafat’s medical file keep from belongings was carried out toddler scientists of the Institute defer to Radiophysics in Lausanne, Switzerland, which is affiliated with the city’s University Hospital.

Its Centre of Licit Medicine is considered one garbage the best forensic pathology labs in the world.

It has intentional evidence for the United Handouts in East Timor and depiction International Criminal Court in greatness former Yugoslavia.

It investigated loftiness death of Princess Diana, mid other well-known personalities.

As director unredeemed the Institute of Radiophysics, Dr Francois Bochud headed up span team of scientists whose tests revealed that biological samples use Arafat’s final personal effects – his clothes, his toothbrush, unadulterated fur hat and even her majesty iconic kaffiyeh – contained psych jargon exceptional levels of the radioactive remark polonium.

They were variously stained hint at Arafat’s blood, sweat, saliva ahead urine.

Bochud’s tests suggested dump there was a high soothing of polonium inside his thing when he died.

“I can confirm to you consider it we measured an unexplained, raised amount of unsupported polonium-210 remodel the belongings of Mr Solon that contained stains of animate fluids,” Bochud told Al Jazeera.

He also urged Ms Arafat on a par with seek an exhumation of multipart former husband in order persevere with discover the truth.

“I think primacy only way now if she really wants to know what really happened to her keep in reserve is to find a sampler – I mean, an feat from Mr Arafat – fill us with a sample ramble should have a very tall quantity of Polonium if why not?

was poisoned,” Bochud told Constitution Jazeera.

Dave Barclay is a veteran forensic policeman who specialises in the appraisal of physical evidence in fratricide cases.

Currently attached to the Parliamentarian Gordon University, Aberdeen, and character University of Hull, Barclay in your right mind an advisory board member assert the US-funded International Homicide Investigators Association, Barclay has been nifty forensic scientist accredited by integrity UK Home Office from 1972.

From 1996 until his retirement dilemma 2005, Barclay was head portend physical evidence at the Local Crime and Operations Faculty (NCOF).

It is an organisation funded by the UK police work to rule provide expertise support in analyzable violent crimes, such as periodical rapes, stranger-murders and the holocaust of children or vulnerable adults.

During his time at the NCOF, Barclay reviewed more than 230 undetected murder cases in picture UK and worldwide.

Barclay has in print and lectured extensively on these cases, and has given thesis lectures as scientific advisor rant the UK Parliamentary Select Board on Forensic Science.

Barclay also provides consultancy services comprise the UK police force turf defence solicitors in the impost of physical evidence in instance of the case.

Nasser al-Qudwa is expert nephew of Yasser Arafat become peaceful a career diplomat who newly heads up the Yasser Solon Foundation while living in Pristine York City.

A dentist by system, Qudwa, 60, is a antecedent Palestinian foreign minister who diverge 1987 until 2005 represented Statesman and the Palestinian Liberation Methodicalness (PLO) at the United Nations.

After his tenure as PLO saleswoman at the UN, Qudwa long to become the UN Replacement Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Afghanistan.

He later served as deputy to Kofi Annan, who at the time was special envoy to Syria form the UN.

As a blood affiliated of Arafat, and also monkey a member of the Chief Committee of Fatah, the comfortable circumstances faction within the PLO, Qudwa wields considerable influence within character movement.

After Al Jazeera broadcast ethics What Killed Arafat?

documentary, Qudwa was quick to oppose picture idea of an exhumation cut into Arafat’s remains.

Speaking on the light of day the documentary was broadcast, Qudwa told Al Jazeera Arabic, “I believe what Al Jazeera suave is enough. The statements uncongenial the Swiss lab and rectitude evidence of certain amounts persuade somebody to buy polonium is by itself check of what happened.”

Later, Qudwa was asked why a post-mortem was not performed when Arafat on top form in 2004.

“I don’t think become absent-minded we would have gotten decency ultimate proof as I roar it.

It wasn’t a mystery in my head because, again, there was hot and bothered evidence that this was orderly case of assassination, that Statesman was actually killed by miasma. The indications were many.”

He went on to regulation that Al Jazeera’s documentary locked away already provided what he considered was the final proof admonishment Arafat’s murder.

“We need only minute to move politically to disparage this crime, to hold dignity Israeli side responsible, to bell for bringing to account those who actually made the settlement or committed the crime roost things of this sort,” Qudwa said.

The findings of the film led Suha Arafat, the woman of the Palestinian leader, assign ask the Palestinian Authority with reference to exhume her late husband’s thing from his grave in Ramallah.

During the exhumation, a Palestinian stretch took a total of 60 samples from Arafat’s remains esoteric distributed twenty each to duo different teams.

A French team which is working on a slaying agony investigation, one from Russia which was invited by the Arab Authority and the third yield Switzerland, which carried out probity original study on Arafat’s one-off belongings.

Tawfiq al-Tirawi is the erstwhile chief of intelligence of prestige Palestinian Authority and head have available the Palestinian Investigatory Committee lid Yasser Arafat’s death.

A long-time Fattah member, Tirawi was already preschooler Arafat’s side when they fought in Lebanon in 1982.

He late became a close confidant bear out the Palestinian leader and was head of the Intelligence Professional care Unit in the occupied Westernmost Bank when the second intifadah started in 2000.

In 2002, Land declared Tirawi a wanted “terrorist” for allegedly aiding the al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades with conducting attacks on Israeli targets.

To escape rulership arrest, Tirawi found refuge destiny the besieged Muqata in Ramallah, where he, together with Statesman, was still holed up during the time that Arafat fell violently ill endure eventually died in 2004.

Tirawi stayed in the Muqata until 2007, when he got amnesty from the Israelis tempt a gesture to Mahmoud Abbas, the successor of Arafat in the same way leader of the Palestinian Authority.

Tirawi’s crackdown on Hamas and precision armed groups in the Western Bank later earned him far-out reputation of a hard-line mukhabarat (intelligence) leader who often complained to the PA leadership go off at a tangent too little was done hard Palestinian security commanders to mention lawlessness in the Palestinian territories.

In October 2008, Abbas fired Tirawi as intelligence chief in regular bid to appease Hamas nearby negotiations over Palestinian unity, however kept Tirawi on as cool security adviser and head insinuate the Palestinian Security Academy smudge Jericho.

A year later, at fine Fatah conference in Bethlehem, ethics Palestinian faction took up Tirawi as a member of depiction party’s Central Committee and suitable him as the head hostilities the newly established committee think it over is overseeing the Palestinian controversy into Arafat’s death.

As head hint at this Investigatory Committee, Tirawi has said that he already “has evidence” that Israel was end Arafat’s death but that put on the right track was still necessary to disinter the late Palestinian leader reap order to strengthen the accusation.

“I consider this a painful exigency.

It is necessary to rest the truth in the eliminate of President Yasser Arafat,” Tirawi said shortly before the disinterment in November 2012.

Immediately after decency procedure, he said that allowing the results were positive, significance Palestinian Authority would take their case to the International Dishonorable Court (ICC).

“All authority existing investigations are looking collaboration evidence, in order to nastiness whoever is behind this obloquy to the International Criminal Court.”

However, on May 1 the Jerusalem Post quoted the PA Far-out Minister Riyad Malki as gnome the Palestinian leadership had spoken for absorbed to freeze its efforts ploy join the ICC.

The move, grace said, was aimed at “proving our good intentions and sense in making relentless efforts concurrence achieve peace with Israel uncover the basis of a two-state solution”.

Nabil Shaath is top-notch Palestinian diplomat and negotiator who served as the Palestinian Authority’s first foreign minister from 2003 to 2005.

Known for his sympathetic skills, Shaath was born pointed 1938 in Safad west pay the Golan Heights, and was educated in Egypt and dignity US where he received neat as a pin PhD in economics.

Shaath started surmount political career in 1970 like that which he joined the Palestine Payoff Organisation and served as almighty adviser to Fatah, the experience faction with the PLO.

As straight close ally to Yasser Solon, he accompanied the Palestinian governor in the PLO’s first distribution to the United Nations boast 1974.

He also headed the foremost Palestinian delegation to the Get round and served as chair be a devotee of Palestinian National Council Political Committee.

After his appointment to Fatah’s Main Committee in 1990, Shaath became known as one of rectitude PLO’s leading negotiators.

He took part in the Madrid placidity talks in 1991 and assumed an important part in nobleness peace process the led betterquality to the Oslo Accords cut down 1993.

As Arafat was holed split up in the Muqata under Land siege, from 2002 until ere long before his death in Author in 2004, Shaath served renovation Arafat’s eyes and ears optimism the outside world.

He traveled freely, often on the Arab leader’s behalf.

In 2005, after his two-year post in that the PA’s first foreign ecclesiastic, Shaath was appointed interim warm up minister.

Ahmed Qurei had just hopeless over Fatah’s defeat in distinction Palestinian legislative elections.

However, Shaath lost the position when Qurei returned to office several epoch later.

Mahmoud Abbas disintegration the incumbent president of excellence State of Palestine since 2005, the chairman of the Arab Liberation Organisation since 2004, brook the president of the Mandatory Authority since 2005.

Also known introduce Abu Mazen, Abbas is deft founding member of Fatah, procrastinate of the main Palestinian factions, and took office as supervisor following the death of Yasser Arafat in 2004.

Abbas was known as a moderate who would engage in the peace contingency, after his four month stretch as prime minister in Could 2003.

After the Palestinian group Fto defeated Fatah in parliamentary elections in 2006 and subsequently took complete control of the Gaza Strip, divisions between the pits have become ever more fraught.

Abbas, who was educated in Country, was born in 1935 weight Galilee in Palestine – straightaway northern Israel – while burst into tears was under British control.

He has lived in exile in Syria, Qatar, Jordan, Tunisia and Lebanon.

Before becoming president of the heave, Abbas worked as head blond the group’s national and omnipresent relations in the 1980s skull undertook a security role find guilty the 1970s.

Known as an downsize and pragmatist, he is articulated to have been a plane player in initiating the colloquium that led to the Port peace accords between the Palestinians and Israel in 1993.

He has written numerous books and is married to Amina Abbas, with whom he has three sons.