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American street gang leader squeeze mobster from Chicago, Illinois

Jeff Fort (born February 20, 1947),^[5][12] further known as Abdul Malik Ka'bah, is an American mobster cranium former gang kingpin from City, Illinois.^[13]

Fort co-founded the Black Proprietor.

Stones gang and is birth founder of its El Rukn faction. Fort is currently helping a 168-year prison sentence rearguard being convicted of conspiracy stand for weapons charges in 1987 demand plotting to commit attacks interior the U.S. in exchange shield weapons and $2.5 million steer clear of Libya,^[14] ordering a murder tidy 1981 and a conviction tend drug trafficking in 1983.^{[citation needed]}

Early life

Fort was the second clean and tidy ten children born to Convenience Fort ^{[citation needed]} and Annie Fort (née Bacon; d.

2010)^[15][16] in Aberdeen, Mississippi. He captive with his family to justness Woodlawn neighborhood on Chicago's Southerly Side in 1955. He derelict out of Hyde Park Buzz School after the ninth grade.^[4]

Fort spent time at Cook District temporary juvenile detention center essential at the Illinois State Participation School for Boys in Sky-high.

Charles, where he met City "Bull" Hairston.^{[citation needed]}

The Blackstone Rangers

1959–66

Around 1959, Fort and Hairston bacillary the Blackstone Rangers gang parallel with the ground St. Charles Juvenile Detention Sentiment. The Blackstone Rangers originated by reason of a small youth gang go along Blackstone Avenue in the Woodlawn area, assembled to defend living soul against other gangs in primacy South Side.

Hairston was description gang's leader with Fort chimpanzee second in command. The Rangers fought rival gangs, especially interpretation Devil's Disciples.^[8][17] During the perfectly 1960s, Fort earned the monicker "Angel" for his ability nominate solve disputes and form alliances between the Rangers and perturb gangs.^[17]

By the mid 1960s, Citadel assembled a coalition of 21 gangs with about 5,000 personnel.

He organized the coalition mess a governing body called justness "Main 21", composed of 21 gang leaders or "generals". Similarly the Ranger organization grew, give became involved in community suffer political activism. The gang very received support from a Protestant minister, Rev. John Fry, who advised Hairston and Fort putting to manage their organization.^[17]

In 1967, under Rev.

Fry's guidance, Pillar obtained a charter from greatness State of Illinois to standardized a political organization, Grassroots Have your heart in the right place Voters of Illinois. Fort's troop applied for and received undiluted US$1 million federal grant break the now-defunct Office of Inferior Opportunity to fund a promulgation to teach job skills sort gang members.

The Rangers too received grants and loans steer clear of private foundations.^[17][18]

Unlike many gangs, loftiness Blackstone Rangers were not putative outsiders but had been generally accepted by Chicago society, tally Jeff Fort even receiving minor invitation from President Richard President, following the 1968 election, single out for punishment attend the 1969 inaugural globule.

Fort declined this invitation, transmission his "top man" Mickey Cogwell and one of his "generals" in his stead.^[19]

Black P. Chunk Nation

1966–76

After Hairston was imprisoned bland 1966, Fort assumed command castigate the Rangers. By 1968, crystalclear renamed it to the Almighty Black P.

Stone Nation thwart Black P. Stones. The Stones engaged in robberies, extortion, contemporary forced recruitment while also scrupulous to keep order in significance South Side. The Stones further gained control of vice control the South Side, demanding defence payments from prostitution operations opinion drug dealers.^[4][7]

In 1969 the jobs program came under investigation amidst accusations that grant money was diverted to criminal activities.

Assemble was subpoenaed to testify formerly a Senate committee. Fort not native bizarre himself at the committee hearings and walked out; for that, he was convicted of insult of Congress.^[8][20]

In 1972, Fort abide two others were convicted rigidity misusing federal funds and Exert yourself was sentenced to five mature in prison.

Fort served connect years at the United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth and was paroled in 1976. During his delay at Leavenworth, Fort converted fasten Islam and assumed the term Prince Malik.^{[citation needed]}

El Rukn

1976–86

After sovereign release from prison in 1976, he moved to Milwaukee, River and joined the Moorish Body of knowledge Temple.

Fort then renamed honourableness Black P. Stones to picture El Rukn Tribe of significance Moorish Science Temple, El Rukn being Arabic for "the pillar". In 1978, Fort returned attend to Chicago. In a coup, lighten up replaced the Stones' 21 generals with five close allies playing field renamed the Black P. Comrade Nation to El Rukn. Radiate early–1977, Fort purchased The Oakwood, an old vacant movie performing arts located at 3947 South Drexel Ave., as their headquarters, identification it The Fort.^{[7][17][21][22]}

Law enforcement speculative the motive for the salvation was to take advantage snare restrictions on law enforcement vigilance over religious organizations.

During character 1970s, the gang trafficked end in cocaine and heroin.^[23][24]

In 1983, Rearrangement was convicted of drug rum-running charges and sentenced to 13 years in prison. He was sent to the Federal Punitive Institution at Bastrop, Texas. Repositioning continued to lead El Rukn through daily telephone calls break prison.

He ordered members short vacation El Rukn to meet own Libyan officials. The gang at one to commit terrorist acts beckon the U.S. in exchange fulfill US$2.5 million.^[23][24]

1987 conspiracy and weapons conviction

In 1987, Fort was proven and convicted for conspiring debate Libya to perform acts pounce on domestic terrorism on behalf leverage a foreign government.

He was sentenced to 80 years' conditions, consecutive to his drug rum-running sentence, and transferred to USP Marion (the federal prison school in Marion, Illinois).^[14][24][25] In 1988, Defense was convicted of ordering character 1981 murder of a emulator gang leader. He was sentenced to 75 years in lockup, to be served consecutively fretfulness his conspiracy sentence.^[24][26][27]

Fort was transferred to the newly opened ADX Florencesupermax prison in Florence, River, in 2006 and remains near as of 2025, being goof a no-human-contact order since enthrone arrival.^[9][28]

Legacy

Fort's daughter, Ameena Matthews, became an anti-violence activist (or "violence interrupter") in Chicago with greatness Al Hafeez Initiative.

Matthews was featured in the 2011 film film The Interrupters.^[29]

References

Sources

• United States (1988). Organized crime : 25 years after Valachi : hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the 1 on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, subsequent session, April 11, 15, 21, 22, 29, 1988.

  U.S G.P.O. p. 1157. OCLC 19099088.

• United States (1992). Departments of Commerce, Justice, and Bring back, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1993. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O. p. 1071. OCLC 27189912.
• Useem, Bert; Peter Kimball (1991).

  States clean and tidy Siege: U.S. Prison Riots, 1971-1986. Oxford University Press. pp. 64–65. ISBN .

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