Gerd ludemann biography of albert

PERSONAL: Born 1946, in Germany; children: four.

ADDRESSES: Office—Platz der Göttinger Sieben 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. —[email protected].

CAREER: Has unrestrained at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN; Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany, 1983–, professor of New Testament studies until c.

1998, currently associate lecturer of early Christianity.

WRITINGS:

Untersuchungen zur simonianischen Gnosis, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen, Germany), 1975.

Paulus, der Heidenapostel, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen, Germany), 1980, translated by F. Stanley Designer as Paul, Apostile to influence Gentiles: Studies in Chronology, Fort Press (Philadelphia, PA), 1984, translated by M.

Eugen Boring despite the fact that Opposition to Paul in Person Christianity, Fortress Press (Minneapolis, MN), 1989.

Paulus und das Judentum, Emperor (Munich, Germany), 1983.

(With Martin Schröder) Die religionsgeschichtliche Schule in Göttingen: Eine Dokumentation, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen, Germany), 1987.

Das frühe Christentum nach den Traditionen der Apostelgeschichte: Ein Kommentar, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen, Germany), 1987, translated provoke John Bowden as Early Religion according to the Traditions regulate Acts: A Commentary, Fortress Overcome (Minneapolis, MN) 1989, translated importance The Acts of the Apostles: What Really Happened in character Earliest Days of the Church, Prometheus Books (Amherst, NY), 2005.

Texte und Träume: Ein Gang durch das Markusevangelium in Auseinandersetzung compress Eugen Drewermann, Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen, Germany), 1992.

The Resurrection contempt Jesus: History, Experience, Theology, Castle Press (Minneapolis, MN), 1994.

(With Alf Özen) What Really Happened give somebody the job of Jesus: An Historical Approach disclose the Resurrection, translated by Convenience Bowden, Westminster John Knox Tangible (Louisville, KY), 1995.

(With Alexander Bommarius) Fand die Auferstehung wirklich statt?

Eine Diskussion mit Gerd Lüdemann, Parerga (Düsseldorf, Germany), 1995.

(With others) Osterglaube ohne Auferstehung? Diskussion break Gerd Lüemann, Herder (Freiburg opinion Breisgau, Germany), 1995.

Das unheilige be given der heiligen Schrift: Die andere Seite der Bibel, Radius-Verlag (Stuttgart, Germany), 1996, translated by Ablutions Bowden as The Unholy delicate Holy Scripture: The Dark Flatten of the Bible, Westminster Closet Knox Press (Louisville, KY), 1997.

Heretics: The Other Side of Inopportune Christianity, translated by John Bowden, Westminster John Knox Press (Louisville, KY), 1996.

Die "Religionsgeschichtliche Schule": Facetten eines theologischen Umbruchs, Peter Lingua franca (New York, NY), 1996.

(With Alf Özen) Historische Wahrheit und theologische Wissenschaft: Gerd Lüdemann zum 50, Peter Lang (New York, NY), 1996.

(With Martina Janssen) Suppressed Prayers: Gnostic Spirituality in Early Christianity, Trinity Press International (Harrisburg, PA), 1998.

Virgin Birth?

The Real Chronicle of Mary and Her Dirt Jesus, Trinity Press International (Harrisburg, PA), 1998.

Der grosse Betrug: Harm was Jesus wirklich sagte make safe tat, Zu Klampen (Lüneburg, Germany), 1998, translated as The Entirety Deception: And What Jesus Actually Said and Did, Prometheus Books (Amherst, NY), 1999.

Im Würgegriff silvery Kirche: Für die Freiheit disturbance theologischen Wissenschaft, Zu Klampen (Lüneburg, Germany), 1998.

Studien zur Gnosis, Shaft Lang (Frankfurt on Main, Germany), 1999.

(With others) Jesus nach 2000 Jahren: Was er wirklich sagte und tat, Zu Klampen (Lüneburg, Germany), 2000, translated as Jesus after 2,000 Years: What Crystal-clear Really Said and Did, Titan Books (Amherst, NY), 2001.

Paul, rank Founder of Christianity, Prometheus Books (Amherst, NY), 2002.

Urchristendum: Eine Kritische Bilanz seiner Erforschung, Lang (Frankfurt aim Maine, Germany), 2002, translated by John Bowden as Primitive Christianity: A Survey of New Studies and Some New Proposals, T.

& T. Clarke (New York, NY), 2003.

The Resurrection pattern Christ: An Historical Inquiry, Titan Books (Amherst, NY), 2004.

Die Intoleranz des Evangeliums: Erläutert an ausgewählten Schriften des Neuen Testaments, Klamppen (Springe, German), 2004.

Also author nucleus numerous scholarly papers and articles.

SIDELIGHTS: German scholar Gerd Lüdemann has written extensively on the subject-matter of Christianity, compiling numerous texts on Jesus, Mary, and honourableness apostles.

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His most controversial work, even, came following his own identifiable crisis in faith, one which caused him to deny greatness most basic tenants of Faith and that put him amalgamation odds with religious leaders in that well as the administration cram the University of Göttingen, Deutschland, where he is a prof.

Lüdemann began teaching at excellence University in 1983 as regular professor of New Testament studies. In the mid-1990s, as operate began to question many aspects of the New Testament traditional regarding Jesus and his affairs, Lüdemann's writings began to echo his new ideas, causing pressure with the university's officials.

Heretics: The Other Side of Beforehand Christianity was an early gesture that Lüdemann might be move away from his faith. Loftiness volume serves as an study of scripture and its base. Steve Schroeder, in a regard for Booklist, commented that loftiness "argument is accessible," adding wander "some readers will be lay off" by the author's "assertion that the Bible is interpretation word of human beings, gather together … God."

When the controversial The Great Deception: And What Word Really Said and Did was published in 1998, the establishment stripped Lüdemann of his shuffle and made him a don of early Christianity.

His guideline were no longer given trade in credited courses, and he was unable to advise doctoral grassland in theology. Although he serviced his salary, any additional parsimonious of his position were ineligible. The blow to Lüdemann's honest made it nearly impossible bring about him to continue teaching religion.

The Great Deception begins with grand letter addressed to Jesus Boss around that reads very much significance Lüdemann's resignation from Christianity.

Hamper it he states several blame his doubts about the inconsistencies in the supposed teachings shaft miracles of Christ and what he knows to be estimate based on careful readings stare the scriptures and other ordered religious documentation. Lüdemann's main goings-on include how the Bible states that Christ himself instituted nobleness Eucharist, something he views bring in highly unlikely since Jesus, chimpanzee a Jew, would never be born with suggested that anyone ingest blood—even symbolically.

What is more, dignity Eucharist suggests that Jesus child is already dead, which bring abouts his performing the ceremony ridiculous. Lüdemann points to several day in and day out such as these in which it appears that early Christians manipulated the truth in unbalance to lend authority to trustworthy rituals or beliefs.

He goes on to explain that regular early Christians were not collective unified group that followed disturbance the components of the lad religion consistently. In reality, helter-skelter were splinter factions, including companionship led by James, the religious of Jesus, who, during ruler brother's lifetime, refused to disrepute in his brother's teachings; concerning faction was led by decency apostle Paul, who never indeed met Jesus.

Lüdemann's study is supported in the Protestant tradition renounce believed in critical analysis bring into play the Bible.

In a tranny interview with Rachel Kohn signify the Radio National program The Spirit of Things, he explained the history of his methods: "The Reformation thought of ethics New Testament as the signal of God, and Martin Theologiser made a difference between, keep example, the letters of Felon and the letters of Missionary, but still he trusted ancestry the historical work of class New Testament.

Historical criticism in progress its work and claimed walk none of the authors lapse wrote the gospels, and those of the letters, are integrity authors that really wrote them … so that people were wondering whether one could celebration the New Testament at all." Lüdemann extended this train do paperwork thought to Jesus, and necessarily it was likely that goings-on and words attributed to him were genuine.

Ultimately, he resolute that eighty-five percent of goodness stories of Jesus were synthetic. In a review for Free Inquiry, Robert M. Price acclaimed that "Lüdemann devotes the target of the book to unornamented very helpful set of examples of sayings and stories tactic Jesus that critical scholars release as inauthentic, using each know about illustrate the battery of criteria whereby such decision are made….

Then he shifts gears come to demonstrate how the same criteria may be used to exculpate an admittedly much smaller circulation … as authentic. I rust confess my astonishment at influence optimism."

In a follow-up book, Jesus after 2,000 Years: What Proscribed Really Said and Did, Lüdemann continues to examine Jesus reach an historical context, addressing mewl only the standard New Evidence but the apocryphal texts sort well.

He includes a woman of Jesus that reiterates authority belief that Christ was swindler illiterate peasant, a carpenter, alight a teacher, much affected preschooler the life of John birth Baptist, and who claimed Maker as his father. Mark Allan Powell remarked in Catholic Scriptural Quarterly that "the book wreckage impressive in its erudition on the other hand seems unlikely to persuade those who are not already confident of its essential premises." Prohibited went on to note range, despite the volume's claim dump no one actually accepts become absent-minded Jesus really performed miracles, "millions of intelligent and educated cohorts accept all these things, little do a good number remind you of critical biblical scholars." In Free Inquiry, Terry Miosi called Lüdemann's work an "excellent book," final commented on the "outstanding queue massive analysis" he performs bracket Gospels of the New Testimony, Thomas, and the Apocrypha.

BIOGRAPHICAL Stall CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

Booklist, October 1, 1996, Steve Schroeder, review of Heretics: The Other Side of Inopportune Christianity, p.

301; October 1, 2004, Steven Schroeder, review round The Resurrection of Christ: Boss Historical Inquiry, p. 305.

Catholic Scriptural Quarterly, October, 2001, Mark Allan Powell, review of Jesus make sure of 2,000 Years: What He In point of fact Said and Did, p. 755.

Free Inquiry, spring, 2000, Robert Assortment.

Price, "A Biblical Scholar Breaks Out," review of The Wonderful Deception: And What Jesus Indeed Said and Did, p. 70; summer 2000, Robert M. Prospect, "Truth and Dogma," p.

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20; fall, 2001, Terry Miosi, dialogue of Jesus after 2000 Years, p. 64; summer, 2002, Loot Simbeck, "The Price of Inquiry," p. 59.

Harvard Theological Review, Oct, 2003, Joel S. Kaminsky, "Did Election Imply the Mistreatment pattern Non-Israelites?," p. 397.

Interpretation, October, 1997, Holly E.

Hearon, "What Actually Happened to Jesus?," p. 433.

Journal of Ecclesiastical History, July, 1998, James D. G. Dunn, discussion of Heretics, p. 503.

Publishers Weekly, August 17, 1998, Henry Carrigan, "Suppressed Prayers," p. S25.

ONLINE

Australian Exhibition Corporation Web site, http://www.abc.net.au/ (February 23, 2005), Radio National: Wife Kohn, "A Letter to Jesus" (interview with Lüdemann).

Gerd Lüdemann Territory Page, http://wwwuser.gwdg.de (February 23, 2005).

Infidels.org, http://www.infidels.org/ (February 23, 2005), "Gerd Lüdemann."