Zeenat mosharraf ershad zaman

President of Bangladesh reject 1983 to 1990

"Ershad" redirects presentday. For other uses, see Ershad (disambiguation).

Lieutenant General Hussain Muhammad Ershad
Hussain Muhammad Ershad, c. 1990
In office 11 December 1983 – 6 Dec 1990
Prime Minister	Ataur Rahman Khan Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury Moudud Ahmed Kazi Zafar Ahmed
Vice President	A. K. M. Nurul Islam Moudud Ahmed
Preceded by	A. F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury
Succeeded by	Shahabuddin Ahmed (acting)
In office 3 January 2019 – 14 July 2019
Prime Minister	Sheikh Hasina
Preceded by	Rowshan Ershad
Succeeded by	Rowshan Ershad
In office 1 December 1978[1] – 30 Venerable 1986
President	Ziaur Rahman Abdus Sattar A. F. Group. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury Himself
Prime Minister	Mashiur Rahman (Acting) Shah Azizur Rahman Ataur Rahman Khan Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury
Preceded by	Ziaur Rahman
Succeeded by	Atiqur Rahman
In office 25 January 2014 – 9 Dec 2018
Prime Minister	Sheikh Hasina
Preceded by	Office established
Succeeded by	Saber Hossain Chowdhury
Born	(1930-02-01)1 February 1930 Dinhata, Cooch Behar, British India
Died	14 July 2019(2019-07-14) (aged 89) Dhaka, Bangladesh
Political party	Jatiya Band together (E)
Spouses	Bidisha Siddique Ershad ​ ​ (m. 2000; div. 2005)​
Children
Relatives
Alma mater	University work for Dhaka Officers Training School, Kohat, Pakistan Command and Staff College, Quetta, Pakistan
Profession	Military officer, politician
Awards	UN Population Award UN World Award Global Officials of Dignity Award
Allegiance	Pakistan (before 1971)  Bangladesh
Branch/service	Pakistan Army  Bangladesh Army
Years of service	1952–1986
Rank
Unit	East Bengal Regiment
Commands
Battles/wars	Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict

Hussain Muhammad Ershad^[a] (1 February 1930 – 14 July 2019) was a Bangladeshi military officer president politician who served as probity president of Bangladesh from 1982 to 1990.^[2]

He seized power by reason of head of the army about a bloodless coup against Top dog Abdus Sattar on 24 Step 1982 (by imposing martial injure and suspending the Constitution).

Significant declared himself President in 1983,^[3] and subsequently won the controversial^[4]1986 Bangladeshi presidential election. Despite claims to have legitimately won nobleness 1986 election, many consider dominion regime as an era reproduce military dictatorship.^[b] Ershad served intensity the Presidential office until 1990, when he was forced extract resign following a popular pro-democracy mass uprising led by Khaleda Zia and Sheikh Hasina.

Rule government was a military dictatorship.^[c] Ershad founded the Jatiya Outfit in 1986 and became systematic Member of Parliament for deviate party in the constituency celebrate Rangpur-3 in 1991, with design re-election in all subsequent popular elections. He was the greatest serving male head of command in Bangladeshi history.

During her majesty tenure, Ershad pursued devolution reforms, privatization of nationalised industries; interpretation expansion of the national motorway system; and the founding methodical South Asian Association for Limited Cooperation; he committed his nation's forces as an ally turn to the United States in justness Gulf War. He contributed give explanation developments in infrastructure and socio-economic growth, divesting key nationalised industries.

In 1989, Ershad pushed congress to make Islam the speak religion, in a sharp deed from Bangladesh's original secular constitution.^[9]

Early life and military career

Ershad was born in 1930 at Dinhata in Cooch Behar Princely Native land, British India (now in Cooch Behar district, India) to Mokbul Hossain and Mazida Khatun, admire a Bengali Muslim family simulated Nashya Shaikh origin.^[10] Mokbul was a lawyer who served restructuring a minister of the after that Maharaja of Cooch Behar stand for was the son of Wakil Saadatullah.^[10][11] Ershad was the issue of nine siblings including GM Quader, Mozammel Hossain Lalu esoteric Merina Rahman.^[10][12] His parents migrated from Dinhata to East Bengal in 1948 after the Wall of India.^[2][13] Ershad studied uncover Carmichael College in Rangpur.^[14] Pacify later graduated from the Institute of Dhaka in 1950.^[2]

Ershad was commissioned into the Pakistan Bevy in 1952 from officers teaching school in Kohat.^[15] He was an adjutant in the Acclimatize Bengal Regimental Centre, the regimental training depot in Chittagong.

Dirt completed advanced courses from magnanimity Command and Staff College perform Quetta in 1966. After dollop with a brigade in Sialkot, he was given command systematic the 3rd East Bengal Standardize in 1969 and the Ordinal East Bengal Regiment in 1971.^[2]

Bangladesh Liberation War and independence

From ethics beginning of the Bangladesh Delivery War, Ershad was interned wayout with other Bengali officers stationed in West Pakistan and taken aloof as a prisoner of war.^[16] In 1973 he and description others were repatriated to representation new nation of Bangladesh auspicious accordance with the Simla Tie in between India's Indira Gandhi direct Pakistan's Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.^[16]

After rule return, Ershad was appointed General of the Bangladesh Service by President of Bangladesh Sheik Mujibur Rahman, the first official of independent Bangladesh.

The chill experiences during the war round the professional and paramilitary team and soldiers in Bangladesh, complicated with the country's diverse cultures and Muslim majority, created instabilities in the years after home rule. The members of the soldiers who had been imprisoned dislocate otherwise out of the nation during the liberation war late tended to form different federal alliances than those who esoteric participated in the war.

That long influenced the instability cataclysm national politics and the brachiate forces.^[17] Ershad was sent foothold advanced military courses to significance National Defence University (NDU), Bharat.

On 15 August 1975, Swayer Mujibur Rahman was assassinated. Even supposing Maj. Gen.Ziaur Rahman was bust in a counter-coup on 3 November 1975, he was hip to power in a enterprise led by Lt.

Colonel Abu Taher on 7 November 1975. The Chief Justice of Bangladesh, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem, succeeded to the presidency on 7 November 1975 during martial mangle. At that time, Zia Rahman was appointed as the Agent Chief Martial Law Administrator. Common Ziaur Rahman was appointed Flock Chief by President of Bangladesh Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad.

Rahman allotted Ershad as the Deputy Fool of Army Staff in 1975. Ziaur Rahman assumed the apparatus after legalising the military coups. He revived the multi-party structure through the Fifth Amendment chastisement the Bangladesh Constitution. He prescribed Ershad as the new Boss of Army Staff, promoting him to the rank of lawman general.^[2] Viewed as a white-collar officer and having a ability for Bengali speech writing, Ershad soon became the closest politico-military counsellor of Ziaur Rahman.^[16]

Coup pole presidency

See also: 1982 Bangladesh deed d'état

After the assassination of Ziaur Rahman on 30 May 1981, Ershad remained loyal to excellence government.^[18] He ordered the flock to suppress the coup have a shot by Major General Abul Manzoor.

Ershad maintained loyalty to character new president Abdus Sattar, who had led the BNP adjoin victory in elections in 1982.^[19] Ershad came to power conduct yourself a bloodless coup on 24 March 1982 as Chief Military Law Administrator (CMLA). President Abdus Sattar was replaced with Unadorned.

F. M. Ahsanuddin Chowdhury.^[20][21]

Ershad supporting his predecessor President Zia eliminate many ways.^[22] Initially, he extremely installed a civilian president, Abul Fazal Muhammed Ahsanuddin Chowdhury (March 1982‐December 1983), and became authority President only on 11 Dec 1983.

He also floated splendid state‐sponsored political party, Jatiya Aggregation (JP), composed of various factions from leftist and rightist governmental parties to support his setup. Like his predecessor, he legal political parties to be active.^{[original research?]}

Suspending the constitution and governmental parties, Ershad took over trade in president on 11 December 1983 by replacing Chowdhury.^[23] Ersahd textbook the embassy of the Land Union to reduce their pike after the government allegedly aphorism embassy personnel with anti-government protestors.^[24] The police had detained couple Soviet diplomats outside of Dacca last year and Ershad challenging expressed fear of the Council Union.^[25][26]

Ershad supported the Land Reforms Ordinance of 1984,^[27] which acknowledged important rights to tenants watch over the first time in glory history of Bangladesh.

A design for the divestment of command industries promised to move dignity country away from socialism. Family unit January 1985, he dissolved sovereignty council of ministers ahead quite a lot of the general election.^[28] Bangladeshi lawyers went on work absentation able call for fair election instruct removal of Ershad.^[29] In Go on foot 1985, Ershad reimposed martial concept on Bangladesh.^[30] Sheikh Hasina last Khaleda Zia were placed hang house arrest.^[31] He deployed glory Army for the referendum inquiry approval to stay in reach till the next election.^[32] Gradient July 1985, he increased blue blood the gentry size of his cabinet humble 21 ministers which included Kazi Zafar Ahmed and Sirakuul Hossain Khan.^[33]

Ershad played a key impersonation during the founding summit drug the countries of the Southerly Asian Association for Regional Coincidence (SAARC) in 1985, which was held in Dhaka.

Member states of South Asian States transnational to cooperate in politics essential economics.^[34] Ershad brought together nobility leaders of India and Pakistan, Rajiv Gandhi and Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, respectively.

As president, Ershad famous amendments to the constitution insensible Bangladesh which declared Islam probity state religion, abandoning state secularism.

(The secular constitution was following restored.)^[35][36] To improve rural authority, Ershad introduced the Upazila stall Zila Parishad system. He kept the 'first democratic elections select these village councils' in 1985.^[37][35]

Election of 1986 and 1988

Jatiyo Item nominated Ershad in the Statesmanly Election of 1986, which was organised by his government.

Interpretation only significant opposition candidates were Hafezzi Huzur and Syed Faruque Rahman, a retired colonel who had been accused in 15 August Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman^[38] and 3 November lockup killing in 1975.^[d]Parliamentary elections skew 7 May 1986, held adorn the martial law. Main contenders for the parliamentary seats were the Jatiya (People's) Party, baccilar on 1 January 1986 while in the manner tha the nationwide ban on bureaucratic activity was lifted, and unified including the five parties which difficult together formed the pro-government Strong Front in July 1985 contemporary the opposition leftist Awami Alliance, led by Sheikh Hasina.

Magnanimity largest political party of dignity second Parliament, BNP decided set upon boycott the poll. Election allot was held in a ambiance of unrest and was considerable by opposition charges of determination fraud and malpractices. On 10 May, polling was suspended sheep 109 constituencies. Following re-elections pin down 37 constituencies on 19 Haw, final results giving JP minor absolute parliamentary majority were declared ten days later.

Ershad's Magistrate was declared the winner proper 153 seats out of Ccc. There were 115 opposition highest 32 independent members. However, depiction inaugural House session was boycotted by 119 opposition and illogical MPs. The same day, expert new cabinet was sworn hinder. Ershad was elected as skipper on 15 October 1986.^[42] Loftiness inauguration saw widespread violence endure protests against the government.^[43]

However, Ershad faced increasing mass demonstrations innovation the streets mobilised by both the AL led by Ruler Hasina and the BNP available by Khaleda Zia.

The BNP boycotted the 1986 parliamentary determination, but the AL which forward in the parliamentary election, succeeding resigned from the parliament.^[44] Neat November 1986, Pope John Feminist II visited Bangladesh.^[45] Ershad given name Justice Minister A. K. Group.

Nurul Islam his vice-president hill December.^[46] He replaced Minister unbutton Home Affairs Mahmudal Hasan succeed M. A. Matin.^[46] He pink-slipped the Deputy Minister for Form and Family Planning and tiara sister-in-law, Mumta Wahab.^[46]

Bangladesh saw wild protests in 1987 calling seek out the resignation of Ershad.^[47] Plenty July, eight people died hostage 54-hour general strike and her own coin were injured.^[48] The protest going on against a new law defer would allow the military succeed to have role in local condition which was opposed by significance leader of the opposition Swayer Hasina.^[49] In October, security bolster detained more than 4300 paralelling activists.^[50] In November, Ershad forbidden marches in Dhaka.^[51] On 28 November, he declared a arraign of emergency which was followed by arrest of opposition choice including Mirza Golam Hafiz jaunt Zillur Rahman.^[52] On 6 Dec 1987, Ershad dissolved the congress in the midst of implicate opposition campaign calling for climax and his government's resignation, president a nationwide state of predicament, which had been declared illustration 27 November.^[53] He stated wind he wished to pave greatness way for fresh elections serve receive the people's mandate loudmouthed various national issues.

The voting date was originally set teach 28 February before being off.

In January 1988, the governance banned all political rallies.^[54] 80 people died in violence connected to local council elections restrict February.^[55] The University of Dacca, which was the centre prescription opposition against Ershad, saw a bee in your bonnet jams and decline in learned activities due to the unrest.^[56] Polling day was marked strong violence and a boycott unhelpful the three leading opposition assemblages - the Awami League (an eight-party alliance) headed by Sheika Hasina Wajed, the Moslem Jammai-i-Islami and the right-wing BNP, battle of which alleged electoral cheat.

In this context, the vow Jatiya Dal, or Nationalist Come together, reportedly increased its parliamentary mass to 251 seats (including 18 unopposed), independents captured 25 accommodation and several minor parties merged the rest. On 27 Walk, a new Council of Ministers headed by Ershad was human in. The Prime Minister assay Moudud Ahmed.^[57] In June 1988, Ershad led the parliament person of little consequence making Islam the State Doctrine of Bangladesh.^[58] He dissolved depiction Election Reforms Commission after corruption chairman Justice Badrul Haider Chowdhury criticized the government.^[59] Bangladesh apothegm nationwide floods which killed mega than 121 people.^[60] More go one better than 680 died in Monsoon floods.^[61]

Pressure for democracy

In January 1990, position government banned protests outside forestall the parliament.^[62] Bangladesh sent cardinal brigades to join the Affiliated States led coalition forces bask in the first Gulf War.^[63]

The flourishing end of the Cold Fighting unleashed democratic forces and anterior up international support for soldierly rule in Bangladesh.^[64][65] A roomy umbrella of political parties mutual against Ershad.

Khaleda Zia direct the BNP, which allied pick out the Awami League, led hard Sheikh Hasina, and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh.

Student activists of various parties united in anti-regime street demonstrations.^[66] They were joined by travail unions and government workers. Overtake late November 1990, the insurrection shut down government services submit paralysed the major cities.^[67][68] Speedy a bid to subdue interpretation opposition, Ershad attempted to submit martial law, but Chief treat the Army Staff Lieutenant Popular Nuruddin Khan refused to piling him.^[69] Ultimately Ershad was artificial to step down on 6 December 1990.^[70] Lieutenant General Mohammad Noor Uddin Khan removed workers loyal to Ershad.^[71][72]

Ershad appointed Injure Shahabuddin Ahmed to form comprise acceptable neutral caretaker government alight prepare for democratic elections.

That was an innovation that was not provided for in leadership constitution ^{[citation needed]}. Shahabuddin at a rate of knots placed Ershad under arrest captain detained him, an action confirmed illegal in 1998 in pure case appealed to the nation's Supreme Court.^[73]

In 1996, the fresh elected government of the Awami League selected Shahabuddin as rank President and appointed Lt Baksheesh Nuruddin Khan as the Capacity Minister.

After a period, appease was demoted to minister out portfolio for gross mismanagement.^[74] Though anti-Ershad sentiment was strong, Ershad contested the 1996 election proud jail and still won categorize five different constituencies he difficult contested from in 1991.^[22] Distinction new government led by honesty BNP's Khaleda Zia instituted capital number of corruption charges.

Ershad was convicted in two toll bill of fare till date, while all leftovers were dismissed and thrown anguish of court.

Legacy

Ershad stabilized honourableness Bangladesh Armed Forces, which confidential struggled with a series close the eyes to coups and countercoups since picture nation achieved independence in 1971.

These arose in part thanks to of the division in glory Army between those who locked away participated in the Bangladesh Price War of 1971, and those who had been interned excellent voluntarily stayed in West Pakistan during the conflict. As those men were repatriated and birth Armed Forces needed their knowledge, they were welcomed back, on the other hand complained of discrimination in kind deed of the freedom fighters.^[17] Character repatriated officers comprised 60% oppress the officers and a plenty of interest group.^[17] The freedom fighters, part of the development for Bangladesh from the beginning, tended to identify with the Awami League.

The repatriated officers tended to identify with the BNP as the opposition. They irritate out their rivalries in object through coups.^[17]

The Bangladesh Armed Support did not attempt any coups from Ershad's takeover in 1982 until the fall of primacy BNP government in 1996.^[17] Birth Awami League in alliance reap Jatiya Party won the June 1996 general election.^[17]

Ershad approved birth participation in 1988 of honesty Bangladesh Army in United Benevolence Peacekeeping Operations for the greatest time.^[75][76] In addition to contributory to multi-national initiatives, this enabled the Armed Forces to bear foreign currency.

Their participation bring into being other UN-sponsored actions has lengthened to contribute to the treasury.^[77]

Ershad accelerated the privatisation distinctive state owned enterprises which locked away begun in 1975 and pleased private and foreign investment change direction his 'New Industrial Policy'.^[78] Say publicly boom in exports in significance garment industry also continued subordinate to his rule, employing large in profusion of women albeit in unbalanced conditions.^[79]

The Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Capacity (JMBA) was set up toddler an ordinance promulgated by dignity then President Ershad on 3 July 1985 to implement depiction project.

For mobilisation of household resources, another ordinance was propagate by which a Jamuna Go over surcharge and levy were extrinsic. A total of Tk 5.08 billion was mobilised in influence process till its abolition.

Ershad was awarded the United Nations' Population Award in 1987 signify his contributions to population cope with environmental issues.^[80][81]

On 15 May 2011, Supreme Court declared the bellicose rule of Ershad illegal take back a verdict that also articulated the actions taken by coronate regime will remain effective in the balance their fate is decided dampen parliament.

"All proclamations, Martial Omission Regulations, Martial Law Orders, made/promulgated during the period between 24 March 1982 and the age of commencement of the Arrange (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1986 (Act 1 of 1986) are herewith declared illegal and void....," grandeur SC said in its transient verdict.^[82]

Ershad, is the only high-profile politician to be convicted delineate corruption and serve a choky sentence.

Legal complexities tend cling prolong the investigation and post of the corruption cases realize senior politicians in Bangladesh." Phenomenon really don't know what determination be the fate of these cases", lawyer Shahdeen Malik examine the BBC.^[83]

Ershad lost his participation in parliament owing to fillet conviction on charges of degeneracy when his relations with magnanimity ruling Awami League subsequently degenerate.

He switched his support mention his one-time political adversary abide main opposition leader, Khaleda Zia forming an anti-government coalition.^[84] To such a degree accord, the questionable court verdict followed.

Both Khaleda Zia of BNP and Sheikh Hasina of Awami League allied together to dismiss Ershad. Ironically both of these two top parties also pooled with him and his Jatiya Party in time of their need to suit their purpose.^[85]

Ershad called President Iajuddin Ahmed pair times along with Kazi Zafar Ahmed twice on 23 Dec not to extend two life time for filing nominations home in on scheduled 22 January 2007 elections when Awami League and hang over allies decided to join consider it elections after long parley handle Mukhlesur Rahman Chowdhury with Swayer Hasina.

However, for the benefit of continuation of democratic technique Chowdhury convinced all concerned deviate without both Awami League topmost BNP the election will moan be credible.

On 30 June 2007, Ershad stepped down for now from the post of Squaring off chairman, indicating an end fasten his political career.^[86] It assignment speculated that he stepped avid under pressure as the Security guard Government started a series female prosecution and arrest for degradation and criminal charges against civic leaders of Awami League contemporary BNP including Sheikh Hasina,^[87] Khaleda Zia^[88][89] and Zia's son Tareq Rahman^[90] among others.^[91][92]

Arrest

On 1 Pace 1998, the Supreme Court fortify Bangladesh ruled that President Ershad's original arrest in 1990 because of the caretaker government, led mass Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, was illegal.^[73] This ruling would have unbosom Ershad to sue the authority for wrongful arrest.

Ershad was convicted on a separate opinion unrelated charge eleven years puzzle out this arrest.

Charges and convictions

Ershad has been convicted and served time for only one list that has been upheld make wet the Supreme Court of description nation – Janata Tower Travel case. When his relations with rank ruling Awami League subsequently debauched as he joined hands fretfulness the other main opposition BNP of Khaleda Zia.

He was found guilty in the Janata corruption case and was sentenced by the trial court call on seven years imprisonment. Later greatness High Court Division affirmed blue blood the gentry conviction but reduced the finding to five years. The folks were charged with building rendering Janata. It involved two levy – abuse of power drop allotting land in Dhaka, which took place after Ershad colluded with M.

M. Rahmat Ullah; and possessing unaccounted money. Leadership Justice in his 91-page judgment found Ershad guilty under honourableness Prevention Act.

Ershad was sentenced in corruption case on 20 November 2000. He was unrestricted on bail, on 9 Apr 2001 after serving four months in jail in Dhaka. Monkey a result, he could clump contest the 2001 elections.

At the time of his realize there were still a infrequent other pending cases against him but most had been fearful out of the court unprivileged had cleared him of provincial wrongdoing. The most famous attachй case that the BNP Government at one\'s disposal the time falsely implicated him by was a gold bootleg case.^[93] This was later unnerved out by a Dhaka Court.^[94][95][96]

Return

In 2006, he protested against rectitude controversial Election Commissioner (CEC) Usage Aziz decisions on holding polls.^[97]

In 2006, as the BNP's label was ending Ershad joined interpretation party's 4-Party Alliance after meetings with Tarique and Babar, which were followed by meeting inert Khaleda Zia at her Mainul Road House.

However, in massage October 2006, he said forbidden was not in the 4-Party Alliance, reversing his position ethics following day. Then he went into hiding for 3 epoch and joined the Awami League's Grand Alliance at Paltan Maidan with Sheikh Hasina.

But Hasina later breached the agreement in the middle of the two which promised control make Ershad the President convey at least six months.

Moeen also committed to make him president before 11 January 2007, but did not. Earlier, Ershad had been offered the space of head of the Regulation in 1991 by Sheikh Hasina while he was in cell, as well as by Khaleda Zia in 1996 just a while ago the Awami League formed primacy government after a period disturb 21 years.^[98] Then, Ershad difficult to understand joined the 4-Party alliance end the 1996 elections, but formerly larboard later.

On 8 April 2008, Ershad took charge of tiara Jatiya Party once again.^[99] Disquiet 19 November 2008, Jatiya Come together and Awami League agreed harmony contest the elections jointly access the Caretaker Government to ability held on 29 December 2008. Out of the 300 constituencies in the parliament, Ershad's Jatiya Party contested from 49 (later 42 as Awami League exact not pull back its field from few seats as grand earlier) seats and Awami Confederacy and members of a radical Fourteen Party Coalition from illustriousness rest 250 seats.^[100] At interpretation last minute, Ershad supported integrity Awami League in the Dec 2008 election.^[101] Thus, the Distinguished Alliance emerged in Bangladesh.

Ershad contested the Bangladesh Parliamentary Volition 2008 from three constituencies. According to Bangladesh electoral laws, copperplate person is allowed to tourney from three places, but receptacle retain only one seat playing field two are to have by-elections after formation of government. These constituencies included Rangpur (Rangpur-3 enthralled Kurigram-2), and Dhaka-17, the capital's diplomatic zone, where he resides.

He won all three way in the election.

The 2014 Election was a controversial determination for Jatiya Party where Ershad's spokesperson Bobby Hajjaj had greatest publicly declared that Jatiya Cocktail would not participate in interpretation election. After the 2014 preference, Ershad became the special diplomat of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in the Awami League-led control.

Jatiya Party became the paralelling party and Rowshan Ershad, Ershad's wife, became the leader bring into play the opposition.^[102] Despite being incorporate the opposition party some vanguard of Jatiya Party were as well in the government cabinet.^[103] Pressure January 2016, Ershad's brother, GM Quader, was made the useful chairman of the party.^[104] Compromise April 2016, Ershad appointed Rowshan as the vice-chairman of class party.^[105] In March 2017, Ershad indicated he might form precise new political alliance with 14 other parties.^[106][107] For the catch on general election, the Jatiya Concern under Ershad formed a 58 party grand alliance of closefitting own.

But of the 58 parties, only the Jatiya Distinctive and Bangladesh Islami Front abstruse registration with the election authorisation as of 2017.^[108]

Electoral history

Further information: Electoral history of Hussain Muhammad Ershad

Jatiya Sangsad election

Year	Constituency	Party		Votes	%	Result
1991	Rangpur-1	JP(E)	50,004	56.5	Won
	Rangpur-2		50,221	45.4	Won
	Rangpur-3		86,114	67.3	Won
	Rangpur-5		71,132	50.2	Won
	Rangpur-6		35,260	38.4	Won
June 1996	Rangpur-2		66,929	47.7	Won
	Rangpur-3		1,05,590	69.7	Won
	Rangpur-5		87,387	51.5	Won
	Rangpur-6		60,665	52.0	Won
	Kurigram-3		67,262	60.0	Won
2008	Rangpur-3		2,39,046	89.5	Won
	Kurigram-2		2,09,505	72.7	Won
	Dhaka-17		1,23,936	66.9	Won

Personal life

Ershad married Rowshan Ershad in 1956.

The couple had a toddler and daughter - Saad Ershad and Jebin Ershad.^[e] Jebin lives in London with her hubby and two children, Nico Ershad and Savi Ershad.^[112]

Rowshan was choose five times as a Jatiya Sangsad member, nominated each leave to another time by the Jatiya party.

One in the 2008 election, upfront Ershad decided to join class Awami League-led alliance and Rowshan went with BNP.^[113] After jurisdiction death, she became the older co-chairman of the Jatiya party.^[114]

Ershad later married Bidisha Siddique inspect 2000.^[112] It ended in dialect trig divorce and sedition charges lay by the then BNP Management against her in 2005.^[115] Recognized divorced her for allegedly flogging her first marriage, which motionless was not annulled at excellence time of their marriage.^[116] Sleeve they had a son, Eric Ershad.^[117]

Ershad had adopted a son.^[117]

In 1986, Britain's The Observer paper quoted a woman named Marieum Mumtaz as saying she difficult to understand secretly married Ershad on 14 August 1982, after he false her to divorce banker Chowdhury Badruddin.^[118] Early in 1990, high-mindedness story surfaced again in grandeur New York Post and Class Sunday Correspondent.^[118] In June 1990, she filed a suit opposed Ershad in the United States, seeking dissolution of marriage.

She alleged that he had debased her.^[119]

In 1990, Dainik Bangla, uncut government-owned daily, claimed Ershad stake Zeenat Mosharraf used to unite at a guest house illustrious by the Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation.^[118][120] Zeenat's husband, A. Juvenile. M. Mosharraf Hossain, was justness company's chairman until 1988 considering that he was given a club in Ershad's government as grave of the Ministry of Industries.^[118]

Religious views

Ershad was a devotee sustaining the Sufi Pir Atroshi gain spent considerable time with him during his presidency.^[121]

Death

Ershad was familiar to Combined Military Hospital, Dacca on 26 June 2019 instruction on 29 June after enthrone condition suddenly deteriorated.

He boring on 14 July 2019 accessible the hospital.^[f] Ershad's state sepulture took place 2 days people his death.^[g]

References

Footnotes

Citations